Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred
Years
综A
A hundred years ago, life expectancy in
developed countries was about 47; in early 21st century,
men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live
to about 74, women to about 80 and these _1__ are rising all the
time. What has brought _2__ these changes? When we look at the life
_3__ of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest
_4__of the time. In the early 20th century, there were
the acute and often _5__ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many
children died very young from these diseases and others, and the
weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the _6__ world these diseases are far _7__
today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of _8__
have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the
discovery and use of antibiotics, which _9__ bacterial diseases
much less dangerous, and vaccinations _10__common diseases. _11__,
people's general health has improved with improvements in our
general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food,
better and warmer housing, and better understanding of
nutrition.
Genetically, we should all be able to live to
about 85 but _12__ people do live longer today, there are still
some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently
reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the
more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and
those _13__ by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course,
cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases
affect _14__ people, but there are worrying trends in the developed
world with problems such as obesity _15__ more heart disease and
illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as
"lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt
their progress.
1. A
ages
B
years
C
lives
D countries
2. A
in
B
about
C
to
D with
3. A
length
B
time
C
duration
D span
4. A
people
B
killers
C
invention
D nation
5. A
more
B
less
C
high
D highly
6. A
developed
B less
developed
C
undeveloped
D developing
7. A more
deadly
B
deadly
C less
deadly
D fatal
8. A
improvements
B
factors
C
jobs
D measures
9. A
makes
B
causes
C
make
D cause
10. A
against
B
for
C
to
D from
11. A
And
B
Therefore
C In
addition
D Nevertheless
12. A
when
B
yet
C
however
D while
13. A
spread
B
affected
C
produced
D created
14. A
poor
B
weak
C
older
D young
15. A
and
B leading
to
C
from
D with
Sport or
Spectacle?
综B
Muhammad Ali is probably the most famous
sports figure on earth: he is recognized on every continent and by
all generations. The diagnosis of his illness _1__ Parkinson's
disease after his retirement fuelled the debate about the dangers
of boxing and criticism _2__ the sport. That, plus his outspoken
opposition _3__ women's boxing, made people wonder how he would
react when one of his daughters decided to take _4__ the sport. His
presence at Laila's first professional fight, _5__, seemed to
broadcast her father's support. Of course Muhammad Ali wanted to
watch is daughter fight. The ring announcer introduced him as the
"the greatest" and as he sat down at the ringside the crowd
chanted.
Twenty-one-year-old Laila's debut fight was a
huge success and there was as much publicity for fight _6__ her
father's fights once attracted. _7__, Laila's opponent was much
weaker than she was and the fight lasted just 31 seconds. Since
then, Laila has won most of her fights by knocking out her
opponent. "She knows _8__ she's doing, all right," said one referee
about her. "She knows about moving well. You can see some of her
dad's moves."
Laila Ali would rather not compare herself
_9__ her father. She prefers to make her own _10__. Her father
supports her decision to enter the sport but he has not spared her
the details of what can happen. Laila realizes that her father
wants her to understand the _11__ possible scenario to see _12__
she still wants to go forward with it. She knows she's going to get
hit hard at times, that she may get a broken nose or a swollen
face, but at least she is prepared for it.
Laila's decision to start boxing _13__ her
father's struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson's disease has of
course sparked a mixture of debate and _14__. But Laila is a feisty
and determined individual and it is that as much as her famous last
name that has made her a magnet for worldwide media attention. Of
course, the _15__ on the boxing scene of a woman with her family
history attracts even more questions about whether women's boxing
is sport or spectacle.
1. A
with
B
for
C
as
D by
2. A
of
B on
C
for
D at
3. A
on
B
to
C
with
D at
4. A
after
B
over
C
along
D up
5. A
therefore
B
however
C
accordingly
D whereas
6. A
as
B
like
C
for
D to
7. A
Luckily
B
Similarly
C
Undoubtedly
D Unfortunately
8. A
that
B
what
C
how
D why
9. A
as
B
like
C
to
D against
10. A
fight
B
name
C
success
D image
11. A
better
B
best
C
worse
D worst
12. A
if
B
that
C
what
D how
13. A in
spite
B
spite
C
despite
D despite of
14. A
argument
B
criticism
C
quarrel
D bickering
15. A
arrival
B
birth
C
departure
D attention
Why People Use
Pseudonyms
综C
You can't choose the name you are given at
birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you
reach adulthood.. Of course, most people never change their names
_1__ they feel unhappy about them. However, some people do _2__
this course of action－ particularly artists! What makes an artist
want to change their name? Sometimes it's for purely _3__ reasons,
such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftali Reyes. He
didn't want his father to _4__ he was writing poetry, so he changed
his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. _5__ other times
the reason may appear eccentric; take the case of the Portuguese
poet Fernando Pessoa, _6__ wrote under 75 different names. The
reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different
way," he explained. In most cases, _7__, the reason is for social,
historical, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most
_8__:
The person's real name is just _9__ long and
difficult to remember. Let's be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is
not as _10__ to remember as just plain "Madonna". And short names
are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and
Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.
Sometimes names are changed for marketing
_11__. For example, if a name sounds too "foreign", it may be
changed to something that is more recognizable in a _12__. So in
the film world, Ramon Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or
maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound very attractive-Chad
Everett does _13__ a lot better than Raymond Cramton.
Artists sometimes _14__ the name of someone
they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because
of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.
Another reason may be practicality: in the
past, women found it very difficult to get published. To _15__ this
situation they sometimes gave themselves men's names, so the
English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get
her books published!
1. A as
if
B
as
C even
if
D even
2. A
take
B
make
C
do
D have
3. A
private
B
individual
C
own
D personal
4. A
understand
B
know
C
recognize
D observe
5. A
At
B
On
C
In
D During
6. A
whom
B
which
C
who
D that
7. A
but
B
although
C
though
D however
8. A
popular
B
common
C
ordinary
D average
9. A
so
B
too
C
very
D much
10. A
easy
B
short
C
simple
D brief
11. A
aims
B
ends
C
goals
D purposes
12. A
market
B
film
C
country
D business
13. A
look
B
sound
C
appear
D seem
14. A
choose
B
give
C
change
D get
15. A
admit
B
assure
C
avoid
D affect
Years
综A
A hundred years ago, life expectancy in
developed countries was about 47; in early 21st century,
men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live
to about 74, women to about 80 and these _1__ are rising all the
time. What has brought _2__ these changes? When we look at the life
_3__ of people 100 years ago, we need to look at the greatest
_4__of the time. In the early 20th century, there were
the acute and often _5__ infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many
children died very young from these diseases and others, and the
weak and elderly were always at risk.
In the _6__ world these diseases are far _7__
today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of _8__
have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the
discovery and use of antibiotics, which _9__ bacterial diseases
much less dangerous, and vaccinations _10__common diseases. _11__,
people's general health has improved with improvements in our
general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food,
better and warmer housing, and better understanding of
nutrition.
Genetically, we should all be able to live to
about 85 but _12__ people do live longer today, there are still
some big killers around that are preventing us from consistently
reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the
more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and
those _13__ by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS. Of course,
cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases
affect _14__ people, but there are worrying trends in the developed
world with problems such as obesity _15__ more heart disease and
illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.
The killers today can be classed as
"lifestyle diseases", which means that it may be possible to halt
their progress.
1. A
ages
B
years
C
lives
D countries
2. A
in
B
about
C
to
D with
3. A
length
B
time
C
duration
D span
4. A
people
B
killers
C
invention
D nation
5. A
more
B
less
C
high
D highly
6. A
developed
B less
developed
C
undeveloped
D developing
7. A more
deadly
B
deadly
C less
deadly
D fatal
8. A
improvements
B
factors
C
jobs
D measures
9. A
makes
B
causes
C
make
D cause
10. A
against
B
for
C
to
D from
11. A
And
B
Therefore
C In
addition
D Nevertheless
12. A
when
B
yet
C
however
D while
13. A
spread
B
affected
C
produced
D created
14. A
poor
B
weak
C
older
D young
15. A
and
B leading
to
C
from
D with
Sport or
Spectacle?
综B
Muhammad Ali is probably the most famous
sports figure on earth: he is recognized on every continent and by
all generations. The diagnosis of his illness _1__ Parkinson's
disease after his retirement fuelled the debate about the dangers
of boxing and criticism _2__ the sport. That, plus his outspoken
opposition _3__ women's boxing, made people wonder how he would
react when one of his daughters decided to take _4__ the sport. His
presence at Laila's first professional fight, _5__, seemed to
broadcast her father's support. Of course Muhammad Ali wanted to
watch is daughter fight. The ring announcer introduced him as the
"the greatest" and as he sat down at the ringside the crowd
chanted.
Twenty-one-year-old Laila's debut fight was a
huge success and there was as much publicity for fight _6__ her
father's fights once attracted. _7__, Laila's opponent was much
weaker than she was and the fight lasted just 31 seconds. Since
then, Laila has won most of her fights by knocking out her
opponent. "She knows _8__ she's doing, all right," said one referee
about her. "She knows about moving well. You can see some of her
dad's moves."
Laila Ali would rather not compare herself
_9__ her father. She prefers to make her own _10__. Her father
supports her decision to enter the sport but he has not spared her
the details of what can happen. Laila realizes that her father
wants her to understand the _11__ possible scenario to see _12__
she still wants to go forward with it. She knows she's going to get
hit hard at times, that she may get a broken nose or a swollen
face, but at least she is prepared for it.
Laila's decision to start boxing _13__ her
father's struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson's disease has of
course sparked a mixture of debate and _14__. But Laila is a feisty
and determined individual and it is that as much as her famous last
name that has made her a magnet for worldwide media attention. Of
course, the _15__ on the boxing scene of a woman with her family
history attracts even more questions about whether women's boxing
is sport or spectacle.
1. A
with
B
for
C
as
D by
2. A
of
B on
C
for
D at
3. A
on
B
to
C
with
D at
4. A
after
B
over
C
along
D up
5. A
therefore
B
however
C
accordingly
D whereas
6. A
as
B
like
C
for
D to
7. A
Luckily
B
Similarly
C
Undoubtedly
D Unfortunately
8. A
that
B
what
C
how
D why
9. A
as
B
like
C
to
D against
10. A
fight
B
name
C
success
D image
11. A
better
B
best
C
worse
D worst
12. A
if
B
that
C
what
D how
13. A in
spite
B
spite
C
despite
D despite of
14. A
argument
B
criticism
C
quarrel
D bickering
15. A
arrival
B
birth
C
departure
D attention
Why People Use
Pseudonyms
综C
You can't choose the name you are given at
birth, but in many countries you can change it legally when you
reach adulthood.. Of course, most people never change their names
_1__ they feel unhappy about them. However, some people do _2__
this course of action－ particularly artists! What makes an artist
want to change their name? Sometimes it's for purely _3__ reasons,
such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile, Neftali Reyes. He
didn't want his father to _4__ he was writing poetry, so he changed
his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man. _5__ other times
the reason may appear eccentric; take the case of the Portuguese
poet Fernando Pessoa, _6__ wrote under 75 different names. The
reason? "When I use a different name, I always write in a different
way," he explained. In most cases, _7__, the reason is for social,
historical, or cultural reasons. Here are some of the most
_8__:
The person's real name is just _9__ long and
difficult to remember. Let's be honest, Madonna Louise Ciccone is
not as _10__ to remember as just plain "Madonna". And short names
are much easier to remember: William Bradley became Brad Pitt and
Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.
Sometimes names are changed for marketing
_11__. For example, if a name sounds too "foreign", it may be
changed to something that is more recognizable in a _12__. So in
the film world, Ramon Estevez adopted the name Martin Sheen. Or
maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound very attractive-Chad
Everett does _13__ a lot better than Raymond Cramton.
Artists sometimes _14__ the name of someone
they admire. Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because
of his admiration for the Welsh poet, Dylan Thomas.
Another reason may be practicality: in the
past, women found it very difficult to get published. To _15__ this
situation they sometimes gave themselves men's names, so the
English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot, and she did get
her books published!
1. A as
if
B
as
C even
if
D even
2. A
take
B
make
C
do
D have
3. A
private
B
individual
C
own
D personal
4. A
understand
B
know
C
recognize
D observe
5. A
At
B
On
C
In
D During
6. A
whom
B
which
C
who
D that
7. A
but
B
although
C
though
D however
8. A
popular
B
common
C
ordinary
D average
9. A
so
B
too
C
very
D much
10. A
easy
B
short
C
simple
D brief
11. A
aims
B
ends
C
goals
D purposes
12. A
market
B
film
C
country
D business
13. A
look
B
sound
C
appear
D seem
14. A
choose
B
give
C
change
D get
15. A
admit
B
assure
C
avoid
D affect
- affect [ə´fekt]
vt.影响；感动；假装 (初中英语单词) - continent [´kɔntinənt] n.大陆，陆地 (初中英语单词)
- illness [´ilnis] n.生病，不健康，疾病 (初中英语单词)
- debate [di´beit] n.&v.讨论，辩论 (初中英语单词)
- boxing [´bɔksiŋ] n.拳击运动 (初中英语单词)
- criticism [´kritisizəm] n.批评；评论(文) (初中英语单词)
- professional [prə´feʃənəl] a.职业的 n.自由职业 (初中英语单词)
- mixture [´mikstʃə] n.混合；混合比；混合物 (初中英语单词)
- despite [di´spait] prep.尽管 (初中英语单词)
- unhappy [ʌn´hæpi] a.不幸的；不快乐的 (初中英语单词)
- purely [´pjuəli] ad.仅仅；简单地 (初中英语单词)
- writing [´raitiŋ] n.书写；写作；书法 (初中英语单词)
- poetry [´pəuitri] n.诗；诗意 (初中英语单词)
- cultural [´kʌltʃərəl] a.文化(上)的；教养的 (初中英语单词)
- admiration [,ædmə´reiʃən] n.赞赏，钦佩 (初中英语单词)
- infectious [in´fekʃəs] a.传染，传染(性)的 (高中英语单词)
- environment [in´vaiərənmənt] n.郊区；周围；条件 (高中英语单词)
- decided [di´saidid] a.明显的；决定的 (高中英语单词)
- opponent [ə´pəunənt] a.对立的 n.对手 (高中英语单词)
- elderly [´eldəli] a. 较老的，年长的 (英语四级单词)
- hygiene [´haidʒi:n] n.健康法；卫生学 (英语四级单词)
- cleaner [´kli:nə] n.清洁工人；干洗商 (英语四级单词)
- retirement [ri´taiəmənt] n.退休；撤退；幽静处 (英语四级单词)
- magnet [´mægnit] n.磁体；磁石；磁铁 (英语四级单词)
- winning [´winiŋ] n.&a.胜利(的) (英语四级单词)
- smallpox [´smɔ:lpɔks, -pɑks] n.天花 (英语六级单词)
- sanitation [,sænə´teʃən, ,sæni´teiʃən] n.(环境)卫生 (英语六级单词)
- chronic [´krɔnik] a.慢性的；剧烈的 (英语六级单词)
- influenza [,influ´enzə] n.流行性感冒 (英语六级单词)
- legally [´li:gəli] ad.合法地 (英语六级单词)
- eccentric [ik´sentrik] a.古怪的；离心的 (英语六级单词)
- madonna [mə´dɔnə] n.圣母玛利亚；圣母像 (英语六级单词)
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