章节正文
2011英语二Text 3
Text 3文章取自The Times(时代)，原文标题为：When Less Was
More。文章主要讲述的是二战后美国人在房屋设计方面观点的一些转变和趋势。强调空间的有效利用和人性设计，而不盲目追求大而空的住宅空间。
1---We tend to think of the decades immediately following World
War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning
home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the
marriage bureaus.
我们一般认为二战之后的几十年是繁荣和成长的时期，数以百万计的士兵返回家园，按照军人安置法案去上了大学，并登记结婚。
注：根据如下维基百科的解释，所以翻译为退役士兵学院。The G.I. Bill was an
omnibus bill that
provided college or vocational education for returning World War II
veterans (commonly
referred to as G.I.s) as well
as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided many
different types of loans for returning veterans to buy homes and
start businesses. Since the original act, the term has come to
include other veteran benefit programs created to assist veterans
of subsequent wars as well as peacetime service. G.I
Bill的正式名称是Servicemen's Readjustment Act of
1944，也就是军人安置法案。该法案最先于二战末期起草生效，给退伍美军军人提供免费的大学或者技校教育，以及一年的失业补助。之后该法案历经大小修改，被沿用至今。韩战、越战等战争的退伍军人，以及和平时期的退伍军人，都得到这个法案所提供的保障。
为什么这个单词叫做G.I.的原因是：
G.I. is a noun used to describe members of the United
States armed forces or items of their equipment. The term is
now used as an initialism
of "Government Issue" (or often incorrectly "General Infantry"), but
originally referred to galvanized iron.
The letters "G.I." were used to denoteequipment made from
galvanized iron, such as metal trash cans, in U.S. Army
inventories and supply records. During World War I, U.S.
soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells
as "G.I. cans." In that same war, "G.I." started being interpreted
as "Government Issue" and said as an adjective of anything having
to do with the Army. 即G.I.原来指的是镀锌白铁皮制造的武器，这里暗喻于军队士兵有关的事情。
2---But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common
sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the
Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less,
and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in
the future, made small, efficient housing positively
stylish.
但，谈到房子的问题，当时人们的常识和想法是利用有限空间创造出更大空间。在大萧条和战争期间，美国人早就学会了在空间有限的房子中居住，美国人民的这种自我约束以及战后对未来生活的自信，使得小而有效的房子成为流行趋势。
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the
Americans'
.
[A]prosperity and
growth
[B]efficiency and
practicality
[C]restraint and
confidence
[D]pride and
faithfulness
【分析】live with less, and that restraint, in
combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made
small, efficient housing positively stylish.
注意：本题不是强调住宅特点，而是美国人的特点，所以选C。
3---Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward
efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first
popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,
who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of
design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took
up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to
exert enormous influence on the course of American
architecture, but none more so than Mies.
经济情况当时只是有效居住的一个因素。"更少就是更多"的说法原先实际上首先是因一位名叫Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe的德国建筑师才得以流行起来的。他和其他建筑大师一样也来自德国包豪斯设计学院。他们在二战前移民到美国，并在美国各建筑学院任教就职。这些设计师对美国的建筑业产生了巨大的影响，但Mies的影响力却无人能及。
注： Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the
fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it
publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time
the German term Bauhaus, literally "house of construction"
(help·info) stood for "School of Building".
包豪斯大学是位于德国的一所艺术设计类大学。该校是世界现代设计的发源地，对世界艺术与设计的推动有着巨大的贡献，她也是世界上第一所完全为发展设计教育而建立的学院。1919年该校由一批杰出的艺术家和设计师接手而成立，以包豪斯之名成为了开创了新时代的先锋派艺术家们，反传统、推行现代艺术设计理念的战场和精神基地。
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3
about Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe. 无中生有
[B]Its designing concept
was affected by World War II. 文章中的二战是个时间概念，不是个动作概念
[C]Most American architects
used to be associated with it.
文章只讲了来自Bauhaus的设计师对美国影响大，但没有说大多数的美国建筑师过去常常都是来自Bauhaus，主观推导
[D]It had a great
influence upon American architecture.
第三段最后一句话强调了D选项，所以D正确。
4---Mies's signaturephrase means that less decoration, properly
organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did
not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he
employed metal, glass and laminated wood---materials that we take
for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future.
Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces
he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often
empty.
Mies的口头禅的意思是简洁，紧凑会非常有影响力。他相信优雅不是来自琳琅满目的装饰。和其它现代建筑一样，他当时使用了金属，玻璃和复合木材料，这在今天是理所当然的，但在20世界40年代却象征着未来的发展。Mies的精巧展示让人们忘记了他所设计的空间并不大但很有效，而不是那种大而空的风格。
注：Signature
phrase的意思是"口头禅"的意思，就像有的人一开始说话就喜欢说"其实......"，说英语的人也喜欢每次说完话后就问别人"You know
what I mean？"，这些话就是这些人的Signature phrase。值得注意的一个类似的短语是：signature
dish （招牌菜）。所以signature除了表示"签名"，也有"标志，特征，特色"的含义。例：His signature
phrase is, "So what?"（他的口头禅是："那又怎样？") 另外，more than lot
的意思是"非常多"
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural
design
.
[A]was related to large
space 要有大的空间 文章强调small and efficient，
[B]was identified with
emptiness 要显得空畅 文章强调small and
efficient
[C]was not reliant on
abundant decoration 不要太多装饰
[D]was not associated with
efficiency 不用效率 正反混淆
【分析】：Mies's signaturephrase means that less decoration has
more impact，所以C正确
5--- The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on
Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller - two-bedroom
units under 1,000 square feet - than those in their older neighbors
along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their
airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the
elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the
architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the
time.
比如说，建在芝加哥湖滨大道上的公寓，是两个小卧室，比那些坐落于黄金海岸的老建筑小1000平方英尺。但它们因通透的玻璃墙、室外的视野以及房子细节和比例的优雅备受欢迎。当时，楼房建筑相当于抽象艺术作品被人广为欢迎。
34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's
Lake Shore Drive?
[A]They ignored details and
proportions.正反混淆
[B]They were built with
materials popular at that time. 文章最后一句强调艺术popular
，而不是material流行。
[C]They were more spacious
than neighboring buildings. 正反混淆
[D]They shared some
characteristics of abstract art.
【分析】：即最后一句中的r airy glass walls, the views，buildings' details and
proportions, 和当时流行的艺术特征一致。
6---The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the
1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient
houses - usually around 1,200 square feet - than the spreading
two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th
century.
空间小的趋势不是泊来品。20世纪30年代，Frank Lloyd
Wright就开始致力于设计更加大小适中，生活更有效的房子------通常只有1200平方英尺------比他早在19世纪90年代和20世纪初设计的两层建筑更小更有效。
注：1平方米=10.8平方英尺；1 平方英尺 = 0.09290304
平方米。所以1200平方英尺约等于110平米。唉，美国人110平米就觉得很小了，可见比中国人幸福多了。
7---The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern
architects by California Arts & Architecture
magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence
on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the
landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his
Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the
mechanical revolution would impacteveryday life - few American
families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes
dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable
and inevitable was widely shared.
1945和1962年，由《加州艺术和建筑》杂志中的现代建筑天才所委任的"房子个案风格研究"活动则是另一个美国本土的力量，该活动推动了"少而精"的建筑趋势。美学影响来自房子的景观，新材料和直观明快的细节。在他研究的个案中，Ralph
Rapson可能错误预测机械革命对日常生活的影响---极少美国家庭拥有直升机，但大多数家庭有衣服烘干机---但他的相信自给自足是人们的向往和不可回避的目标，他的这一信仰得到人们的广泛认可。
35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study
House"?
[A]Mechanical devices were
widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were
taken into consideration 与原文一致
[C]Details were sacrificed
for the overall effect.
[D]Eco-friendly materials
were employed.
【分析】：AC均为无中生有，D偷换material的修饰词，所以错误。B来自原文的landscape,
31．C
32．D
33．C
34．D
35．B
Text 3文章取自The Times(时代)，原文标题为：When Less Was
More。文章主要讲述的是二战后美国人在房屋设计方面观点的一些转变和趋势。强调空间的有效利用和人性设计，而不盲目追求大而空的住宅空间。
1---We tend to think of the decades immediately following World
War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning
home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the
marriage bureaus.
我们一般认为二战之后的几十年是繁荣和成长的时期，数以百万计的士兵返回家园，按照军人安置法案去上了大学，并登记结婚。
注：根据如下维基百科的解释，所以翻译为退役士兵学院。The G.I. Bill was an
omnibus bill that
provided college or vocational education for returning World War II
veterans (commonly
referred to as G.I.s) as well
as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided many
different types of loans for returning veterans to buy homes and
start businesses. Since the original act, the term has come to
include other veteran benefit programs created to assist veterans
of subsequent wars as well as peacetime service. G.I
Bill的正式名称是Servicemen's Readjustment Act of
1944，也就是军人安置法案。该法案最先于二战末期起草生效，给退伍美军军人提供免费的大学或者技校教育，以及一年的失业补助。之后该法案历经大小修改，被沿用至今。韩战、越战等战争的退伍军人，以及和平时期的退伍军人，都得到这个法案所提供的保障。
为什么这个单词叫做G.I.的原因是：
G.I. is a noun used to describe members of the United
States armed forces or items of their equipment. The term is
now used as an initialism
of "Government Issue" (or often incorrectly "General Infantry"), but
originally referred to galvanized iron.
The letters "G.I." were used to denoteequipment made from
galvanized iron, such as metal trash cans, in U.S. Army
inventories and supply records. During World War I, U.S.
soldiers sardonically referred to incoming German artillery shells
as "G.I. cans." In that same war, "G.I." started being interpreted
as "Government Issue" and said as an adjective of anything having
to do with the Army. 即G.I.原来指的是镀锌白铁皮制造的武器，这里暗喻于军队士兵有关的事情。
2---But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common
sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the
Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less,
and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in
the future, made small, efficient housing positively
stylish.
但，谈到房子的问题，当时人们的常识和想法是利用有限空间创造出更大空间。在大萧条和战争期间，美国人早就学会了在空间有限的房子中居住，美国人民的这种自我约束以及战后对未来生活的自信，使得小而有效的房子成为流行趋势。
31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the
Americans'
.
[A]prosperity and
growth
[B]efficiency and
practicality
[C]restraint and
confidence
[D]pride and
faithfulness
【分析】live with less, and that restraint, in
combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made
small, efficient housing positively stylish.
注意：本题不是强调住宅特点，而是美国人的特点，所以选C。
3---Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward
efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first
popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,
who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of
design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took
up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to
exert enormous influence on the course of American
architecture, but none more so than Mies.
经济情况当时只是有效居住的一个因素。"更少就是更多"的说法原先实际上首先是因一位名叫Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe的德国建筑师才得以流行起来的。他和其他建筑大师一样也来自德国包豪斯设计学院。他们在二战前移民到美国，并在美国各建筑学院任教就职。这些设计师对美国的建筑业产生了巨大的影响，但Mies的影响力却无人能及。
注： Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the
fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it
publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time
the German term Bauhaus, literally "house of construction"
(help·info) stood for "School of Building".
包豪斯大学是位于德国的一所艺术设计类大学。该校是世界现代设计的发源地，对世界艺术与设计的推动有着巨大的贡献，她也是世界上第一所完全为发展设计教育而建立的学院。1919年该校由一批杰出的艺术家和设计师接手而成立，以包豪斯之名成为了开创了新时代的先锋派艺术家们，反传统、推行现代艺术设计理念的战场和精神基地。
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3
about Bauhaus?
[A]It was founded by Ludwig
Mies van der Rohe. 无中生有
[B]Its designing concept
was affected by World War II. 文章中的二战是个时间概念，不是个动作概念
[C]Most American architects
used to be associated with it.
文章只讲了来自Bauhaus的设计师对美国影响大，但没有说大多数的美国建筑师过去常常都是来自Bauhaus，主观推导
[D]It had a great
influence upon American architecture.
第三段最后一句话强调了D选项，所以D正确。
4---Mies's signaturephrase means that less decoration, properly
organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did
not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he
employed metal, glass and laminated wood---materials that we take
for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future.
Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces
he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often
empty.
Mies的口头禅的意思是简洁，紧凑会非常有影响力。他相信优雅不是来自琳琅满目的装饰。和其它现代建筑一样，他当时使用了金属，玻璃和复合木材料，这在今天是理所当然的，但在20世界40年代却象征着未来的发展。Mies的精巧展示让人们忘记了他所设计的空间并不大但很有效，而不是那种大而空的风格。
注：Signature
phrase的意思是"口头禅"的意思，就像有的人一开始说话就喜欢说"其实......"，说英语的人也喜欢每次说完话后就问别人"You know
what I mean？"，这些话就是这些人的Signature phrase。值得注意的一个类似的短语是：signature
dish （招牌菜）。所以signature除了表示"签名"，也有"标志，特征，特色"的含义。例：His signature
phrase is, "So what?"（他的口头禅是："那又怎样？") 另外，more than lot
的意思是"非常多"
33. Mies held that elegance of architectural
design
.
[A]was related to large
space 要有大的空间 文章强调small and efficient，
[B]was identified with
emptiness 要显得空畅 文章强调small and
efficient
[C]was not reliant on
abundant decoration 不要太多装饰
[D]was not associated with
efficiency 不用效率 正反混淆
【分析】：Mies's signaturephrase means that less decoration has
more impact，所以C正确
5--- The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on
Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller - two-bedroom
units under 1,000 square feet - than those in their older neighbors
along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their
airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the
elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the
architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the
time.
比如说，建在芝加哥湖滨大道上的公寓，是两个小卧室，比那些坐落于黄金海岸的老建筑小1000平方英尺。但它们因通透的玻璃墙、室外的视野以及房子细节和比例的优雅备受欢迎。当时，楼房建筑相当于抽象艺术作品被人广为欢迎。
34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago's
Lake Shore Drive?
[A]They ignored details and
proportions.正反混淆
[B]They were built with
materials popular at that time. 文章最后一句强调艺术popular
，而不是material流行。
[C]They were more spacious
than neighboring buildings. 正反混淆
[D]They shared some
characteristics of abstract art.
【分析】：即最后一句中的r airy glass walls, the views，buildings' details and
proportions, 和当时流行的艺术特征一致。
6---The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the
1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient
houses - usually around 1,200 square feet - than the spreading
two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th
century.
空间小的趋势不是泊来品。20世纪30年代，Frank Lloyd
Wright就开始致力于设计更加大小适中，生活更有效的房子------通常只有1200平方英尺------比他早在19世纪90年代和20世纪初设计的两层建筑更小更有效。
注：1平方米=10.8平方英尺；1 平方英尺 = 0.09290304
平方米。所以1200平方英尺约等于110平米。唉，美国人110平米就觉得很小了，可见比中国人幸福多了。
7---The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern
architects by California Arts & Architecture
magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence
on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the
landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his
Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the
mechanical revolution would impacteveryday life - few American
families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes
dryers - but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable
and inevitable was widely shared.
1945和1962年，由《加州艺术和建筑》杂志中的现代建筑天才所委任的"房子个案风格研究"活动则是另一个美国本土的力量，该活动推动了"少而精"的建筑趋势。美学影响来自房子的景观，新材料和直观明快的细节。在他研究的个案中，Ralph
Rapson可能错误预测机械革命对日常生活的影响---极少美国家庭拥有直升机，但大多数家庭有衣服烘干机---但他的相信自给自足是人们的向往和不可回避的目标，他的这一信仰得到人们的广泛认可。
35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study
House"?
[A]Mechanical devices were
widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were
taken into consideration 与原文一致
[C]Details were sacrificed
for the overall effect.
[D]Eco-friendly materials
were employed.
【分析】：AC均为无中生有，D偷换material的修饰词，所以错误。B来自原文的landscape,
31．C
32．D
33．C
34．D
35．B
- prosperity [prɔ´speriti]
n.繁荣；成功；幸运 (初中英语单词) - assist [ə´sist] v.协助；援助；搀扶 (初中英语单词)
- equipment [i´kwipmənt] n.装备，设备 (初中英语单词)
- belief [bi´li:f] n.相信；信仰，信条 (初中英语单词)
- combination [,kɔmbi´neiʃən] n.结合；联合；团体 (初中英语单词)
- phrase [freiz] n.短语；词组；措词 (初中英语单词)
- actually [´æktʃuəli] ad.事实上；实际上 (初中英语单词)
- enormous [i´nɔ:məs] a.巨大地，很，极 (初中英语单词)
- paragraph [´pærəgrɑ:f] n.段；节 vt.将...分段 (初中英语单词)
- decoration [,dekə´reiʃən] n.装饰(品)；装璜 (初中英语单词)
- derive [di´raiv] v.得出；衍生 (初中英语单词)
- abundance [ə´bʌndəns] n.丰富，充裕 (初中英语单词)
- neighboring [´neibəriŋ] a.邻近的；接壤的 (初中英语单词)
- modest [´mɔdist] a.谦虚的；朴素的 (初中英语单词)
- talented [´tæləntid] a.天才的；能干的 (初中英语单词)
- california [,kæli´fɔ:njə] n.加利福尼亚 (初中英语单词)
- consideration [kən,sidə´reiʃən] n.考虑；原因；体谅 (初中英语单词)
- lining [´lainiŋ] n.衬里；衬料 (高中英语单词)
- unemployment [,ʌnim´plɔimənt] n.失业；失业人数 (高中英语单词)
- compensation [,kɔmpen´seiʃən] n.补偿，赔偿 (高中英语单词)
- veteran [´vetərən] n.老兵 a.老练的 (高中英语单词)
- subsequent [´sʌbsikwənt] a.其次的；其后的 (高中英语单词)
- artillery [ɑ:´tiləri] n.炮兵部队 (高中英语单词)
- learned [´lə:nid] a.有学问的，博学的 (高中英语单词)
- restraint [ri´streint] n.抑制；管束；克制 (高中英语单词)
- efficient [i´fiʃənt] a.有效的，有能力的 (高中英语单词)
- positively [´pɔzətivli] ad.确实；断然；绝对 (高中英语单词)
- architect [´ɑ:kitekt] n.建筑师 (高中英语单词)
- architecture [´ɑ:kitektʃə] n.建筑术；建筑学 (高中英语单词)
- literally [´litərəli] ad.逐字地；实际上 (高中英语单词)
- signature [´signətʃə] n.签名；盖章 (高中英语单词)
- related [ri´leitid] a.叙述的；有联系的 (高中英语单词)
- elegant [´eligənt] a.文雅的；优美的 (高中英语单词)
- equivalent [i´kwivələnt] a.相等的 n.同等物 (高中英语单词)
- everyday [´evridei] a.每日的，日常的 (高中英语单词)
- inevitable [i´nevitəbəl] a.不可避免的 (高中英语单词)
- denote [di´nəut] vt.指出；意味着 (英语四级单词)
- adjective [´ædʒiktiv] n.形容词 (英语四级单词)
- stimulus [´stimjuləs] n.刺激(物)；促进因素 (英语四级单词)
- presentation [,prezən´teiʃən] n.介绍；赠送；提出 (英语四级单词)
- abstract [´æbstrækt] a.抽象的 n.提要 (英语四级单词)
- eventually [i´ventʃuəli] ad.最后，终于 (英语四级单词)
- affected [ə´fektid] a.做作的；假装的 (英语六级单词)
- impact [´impækt] n.影响，作用；冲击 (英语六级单词)
- elegance [´eligəns] n.优雅；优美；精美 (英语六级单词)
文章标签:翻译 真题 四级真题
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