Text A learned words and popular words

本课主要单词

1. learned adj.有学问的，博学的；学术上的

这个单词做形容词用时有两种读音，一是，另一个是或。读时，意思是"有学问的，博学的；学术上的"；读或时，意思是"经过训练学到的"。

a learned man (学者)　　a learneddiscussion (学术讨论)

a learned doctor (医道高明的医生)　　a learnedjournal (学术刊物)

a learnedresponse 后天的反应（指非天生的）

He was learned in the ways of the words. (他深通人情世故。)

2. cultivated" target="_blank" title="a.在耕作的；有教养的">cultivated adj.耕种的；栽培的；有修养的

cultivate v.耕种；种植；培养；陶冶；建立；教化

cultivation n耕种；栽培；培养；修养.

1）The farmer was busy cultivating the land when I found him. (我找到那位农民时，他正忙着耕地。)

2）His father cultivated" target="_blank" title="a.在耕作的；有教养的">cultivated a farm of 80 acres. (他父亲耕种一个80英亩地的农场。)

3）Extensive reading can cultivate your mind. (广泛阅读能陶冶你的心性。)

4）He tried hard to cultivate good relations with his colleagues. (他努力与同事们建立良好关系。)

5）He is a very cultivated" target="_blank" title="a.在耕作的；有教养的">cultivated young man. (他是一个非常有教养的年轻人。)

6）Her cultivated" target="_blank" title="a.在耕作的；有教养的">cultivated voice was pleasing to the audience. (她文雅的说话嗓音很悦耳。)

7）He just can't understand why they allowed the land to go out of cultivation.

(他就是不理解他们为什么任土地荒芜。)

8）The cultivation of good manners will be very helpful to his future.

(礼貌习惯的养成对他的未来将有很大的帮助。)

9）He is a man of charm and cultivation. (他既有魅力又有教养。)

3．concern n. 关心；关系；关联 v.涉及，有关于；使关心，使挂念

1） This matter is no concern of yours. (这件事跟你毫无关系。)

2） I don't think it is my concern, go and ask the manager, please. (这事跟我没关系，请去问经理。)

3） We felt concern for (或over) your health. (我们为你的健康担心。)

4） He is said to have been concerned in the crime. (据说他与这起犯罪事件有关。)

5） The energy problem concerns us all. (能源问题关系到我们每个人。)

6） The baby's poor health concerned his parents. (孩子身体不好使父母担忧。)

concern oneself in sth.. 关心

concern oneself with (about, over, in) 忙于

concern oneself about (for) 担忧

have no concern with 与...无关

to whom it may concern (用作正式信件的开头)敬启者

concerned adj.担忧的，不安的；有关联的；关心的

1） We are concerned about (at, over) world peace. (我们关心世界和平。)

2） He spoke to the people concerned. (他对有关的人讲了话。)

3） We are not concerned with who is right or wrong. (我们对谁是谁非不感兴趣。)

4） As far as ability is concerned, he is the best candidate. (就能力而言，他是最佳人选。)

concerning prep.关于

1）This is a proposal concerning child health. (这是一项关于儿童健康的建议。)

2）Please inform me concerning this matter. (请把关于这件事的情况告诉我。)

4．possession n. 所有，拥有

possess v.拥有；具有；掌握；耐住（性子）

1）The possession of a degree does not guarantee you a job. (有学位不一定保证能找到工作。)

2）When his father died, he came into possession of a large ranch. (他父亲去世后，他继承了一个大牧场。)

3）He was a poor man with few possessions. (他是个没有什么财产的穷人。)

4）The old house is now in his possession. (这所老房子现在归他所有。)

5） The old lady is in possession of some gold coins. (那位老太太拥有一些金币。)

6） How much money does he possess? (他有多少钱？)

7） He told us that he possessed a little French. (他对我们说他懂一点法语。)

8） He possessed his temperdespite the insult. (尽管受到了侮辱，他还是按捺住怒气。)

5．occasion n. 时刻；场合；时机

occasional adj.偶尔的，偶然的

occasionally adv.偶然地

1) We've met each other on more than one occasion. (我们已经不止一次地见过。)

2) He wanted to give people a good impression on this special occasion.

(他想在这个特别的场合给人们留下好印象。)

3）The weather was good except for an occasionalshower. (除了偶尔有阵雨外，天气很好。)

4）They go into town occasionally. (他们偶尔进城。)

6．acquaintance" target="_blank" title="n.相识；熟人，相识的人">acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人

acquaint v.使认识；了解

1）I had some acquaintance" target="_blank" title="n.相识；熟人，相识的人">acquaintance with this subject. (对这一课题我曾有所了解。)

2）He has many acquaintance" target="_blank" title="n.相识；熟人，相识的人">acquaintances. (他交游甚广。)

3）It's necessary to acquaint Western readers with recent happenings in China.

(向西方读者介绍中国最近的动态很有必要。)

4）She decided to acquaint herself with every aspect of the question.

(她决定使自己对这个问题的每一个方面都了如指掌。)

5）We were acquainted with each year several years ago. (我们几年前就相互认识了。)

7．formal adj. 正式的；形式的；礼仪上的

informal adj.非正式的；不拘礼节的

formally adv.正式地

1） They wrote a formal letter of thanks. (他们写了一封正式的感谢信。)

2） He received formal training in music when he was only 6. (他六岁时就接受了正规的音乐训练。)

3）It's not appropriate to wear informal clothes on formal occasions. (在正式场合穿便装不合适。)

4）Discussions were formally opened in David Camp last week. (讨论上周在戴维营正式开始。)

8．elevated adj. 提高的；高贵的，庄严的

elevate v.提高；提升

elevation n.高度；提升；崇高

elevator n.起重工人；电梯

1）She considers herself too elevated to eat in a fast-food restaurant. (她自视过高，不愿在快餐店用餐。)

2）He spoke in an elevated tone. (他用庄严的语气讲着。)

3）He was elevated to a higher rank. (他晋了级。)

4）They worked hard to elevate the living standards. (他们努力工作以提高生活水平。)

5）He was overjoyed at his elevation to the position of general manager. (他因晋升为总经理而欣喜万分。)

6）They are flying at an elevation of 8000 feet. (他们正在8000英尺高空飞行。)

7）You can take an elevator to the 18^th floor. (你可以乘电梯去十八楼。)

9．style n. 风格；文体；式样

1） They sell hats in all sizes and styles. (他们出售各种式样和尺寸的帽子。)

2） He changed his style of painting when he returned from Paris. (他从巴黎回来后就改变了画风。)

3） Sincerity and simplicity are his style. (真挚和简练是他的文体。)

come into style （开始流行）

be in style (在流行中)

be out of style (不再流行)

10．case n. 情况，事实；病例，案例；箱子，盒子

1）He thought the more time he spent on his lessons, the better performance he would make. But now he realizes it is not the case. (他原以为花在功课上的时间越多，成绩就越好，现在他认识到情况并非如此。)

2）If that's the case you'll have to work harder. (如果真是那样，你得更加努力。)

3）Don't worry too much about it, it is a light case of flu. (别担心，只是轻度流感。)

4）The police are studying the murder case. (警察正在研究这起谋杀案。)

a case in point (恰当的例子)

a case of honor (荣誉攸关的问题)

a civil (criminal) case (民事/刑事诉讼)

a case of life and death (生死攸关的事情)

a hard case (棘手的事情)

in any case (无论如何)

in case (假使；以防)

in the case of (就...来说)

just in case (以防万一)

11．popularity n. 普及，流行；名望，受欢迎

popular adj.普遍的；多数人喜爱的；大众的

1）He was amazed at the popularity of table-tennis when he first came to China.

(他第一次来中国时惊异于乒乓球运动的普及。)

2）The new president achieved great popularity. (新任总统深得人心。)

3）Books on popular science are selling well. (科普书籍销得很好。)

4）He is popular among young students. (他深受青年学生的欢迎。)

12．classification n. 分类；分级

classify v.把...分类

1）There are different opinions about the classification of a particular word.

(对某一特定的词的分类有不同的看法。)

2）They classified the books according to their contents. (他们根据内容把图书分了类。)

在英语中有不少以-fy为后缀的动词，其名词形式常以-ation为后缀，如：

purify-purification

qualify-qualification

simplify-simplification

identify-identification

13.convenient adj.方便的

inconvenient adj.不方便的

convenience n.方便

1）If it is convenient for you, please inform me of the case as soon as possible.

(如果于你方便的话，请把案情尽早告诉我。)

2）Your visit caused him great convenience" target="_blank" title="n.不方便；打扰">inconvenience. (你的来访给他带来极大的不便。)

3）I appreciate the convenience of living near the office. (我喜欢住处离办公室近这点方便。)

14．avoid v. 避免，避开

1）You should avoid being late for the meeting. ( 你应该避免开会迟到。)

2）We should avoid making the same mistake. (我们应该避免犯同样的错误。)

15．presence n. 出席，到场

present adj.出席的；当前的

　　 n.礼物

　　 v.呈献；送

1） We shall be greatly honored to have your presence. (你如能出席，我们将荣幸之至。)

2） He felt shy to speak in the presence of a large audience. (在众多人前讲话他感到难为情。)

3） All the students are present today. (今天，所有的学生都到堂了。)

4） He is talking about the present situation. (他正在谈当前的形势。)

5） He's father gave him a lovely birthday present. (父亲给了他一个可爱的生日礼物。)

6） He presented his teacher with a book he wrote. (他送给老师一本自己写的书。)

Affixation (词缀法)

1．形容词后缀-ed （多接于名词之后，表示"具有..."，"充满..."的意思）

　learned， cultivated" target="_blank" title="a.在耕作的；有教养的">cultivated， educated， elevated

2. 名词后缀-ion，-ation

　possession， classification， misconception， cultivation

3. 名词后缀-ance

　acquaintance" target="_blank" title="n.相识；熟人，相识的人">acquaintance， importance

1. In every cultivated" target="_blank" title="a.在耕作的；有教养的">cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary.

class在本句中的意思是"种类"，相当于type, category.如：

1）It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.
　　(要满足各种读者的需要十分困难)

2）How many classes are you going to divide these books? (你打算把这些书分成几类？)

class 还常用来表示"等级"，如：a second-class hotel (二等旅馆)；

an economy-class ticket (经济舱票)；fly first class (乘头等舱航空旅行).

class 也可以用动词用，意思是"把 ...分类；把...看作"，如：

1）At 19 you are still classed as a teenager。（到了十九岁，你仍旧是青少年。）
　　2）He was classed as a genius （他被看作为天才）

make up 在本句中的意思是"组成、构成"，请看例句：

1）Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class （二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班）

2）Twelve doctors made up the medical team （十二名医生组成医疗队）

用被动语态时则应用be made up of，如：

This engine is made up of 490 parts （这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的）