Adults, middle-aged and up, can cut their risk of developing Type 2 diabetes by as much as 80% by adhering to a combination of five healthy-lifestyle habits, a new analysis shows.
一项新的分析研究显示，中年以上的成年人如果在生活中遵循五种健康生活习惯，可以将罹患Ⅱ型糖尿病的风险减少80%。
Many studies have shown having a healthy diet, exercising, maintaining normal body weight, not smoking and consuming alcoholmoderately can lower one's risk of developing diabetes and other diseases.
经过多次研究发现，健康饮食、锻炼、保持正常体重、不吸烟、饮酒适量可以降低罹患糖尿病和其他疾病的风险。
The new analysis from the National Institutes of Health examined these individual factors to see how each -- alone and in combination -- contributes to a reduction in the chance a person will get the disease. The research will be published in the Sept. 6 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
美国国立卫生研究院（National Institutes of Health）的最新分析逐一研究了各项因素，观察每一项（单独或与其他因素结合）因素可以多大程度上减少个人得糖尿病的机会。这份研究报告刊登在9月6日出版的《内科年鉴》（Annals of Internal Medicine）上。
The analysis shows keeping just one of these five healthy-lifestyle factors can reduce the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes, the most common form which 26 million people were diagnosed with last year. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control.
分析显示只要保持五种健康生活方式要素中的一种，就能减少患Ⅱ型糖尿病的机率。去年，美国有2,600万被诊断出患有糖尿病，其中Ⅱ型糖尿病最为常见。根据美国疾病控制中心（Centers for Disease Control ）的统计，Ⅱ型糖尿病是美国导致死亡的第七大原因。
More than 200,000 people who are part of a larger NIH-AARP diet-and-health study and were between ages 50 and 71 when the study began in 1995 were involved in the analysis. At the study's start, participants had no signs of heart disease, cancer or diabetes.
这项研究开始于1995年，超过20万人参与了这项研究，他们都曾参与过国立卫生研究院（NIH）与美国退休人员协会（AARP）合作开展的NIH-AARP大型饮食与健康研究。当时这些参与者的年龄在50岁至71岁之间，没有患心脏病、癌症和糖尿病的迹象。
Study participants filled out detailed questionnaires about what kinds of foods they ate, whether they consumed alcohol and if they were current or former smokers. People were also asked how often they exercised, and provided weight and height so that body mass index, or BMI, could be calculated. Study participants were followed for about 11 years. During that time, about 10% of men in the study and 8% of women developed diabetes.
参与者填写了内容详尽的问卷，回答了吃哪类食品、是否饮酒、是否吸烟或曾经吸烟等问题。参与者还被询问多长时间做一次锻炼，并提供了体重和身高数据，用来计算出他们的体质指数（BMI）。调查的参与者被跟踪了大约11年，在此期间，其中大约10%的男人和8%的女人患上了糖尿病。
Researchers led by Jared Reis, an epidemiologist at the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, grouped study participants into lifestyle categories ranging from 'best' to 'worst.' People in the best category had all five healthy-lifestyle factors, while those in the worst had none.
由美国国家心肺血液研究所（National Heart Lung and Blood Institute）的流行病专家贾里德·赖斯（Jared Reis）带领的研究人员把参加研究的人按照生活方式由"最佳"至"最差"分为几个级别。最佳级别里的人拥有全部5种健康生活方式要素，而最差级别里的人则一种都没有。
For diet, people received a score of one to five based on fruit and vegetableconsumption, the amount of and type of fat they ate and other factors. Those who scored in the top 40% were considered to have a healthy diet. Exercising three times a week for at least 20 minutes, and being a nonsmoker for at least 10 years were two additional" target="_blank" title="a.附加的，额外的">additionalhealthy-lifestyle factors. Alcohol consumption of no more than one drink a day for women and two for men was considered as another factor, along with weight. People with a BMI of between 18.5 and 24.9 -- a body-mass measure that is considered normal -- were counted as being in the lowest-risk category for weight.
在饮食方面，按照水果蔬菜的消费量、摄取的脂肪种类和数量及其他因素从一至五对这些人进行评分，得分在前40%的人被视作有健康的饮食习惯。另外两项健康生活方式要素是：每周锻炼三次，每次至少二十分钟，以及至少10年未吸烟。女性每天饮酒量不超过一杯男性每天饮酒量不超过两杯是另一要素，此外还要加上体重。仅从体重的角度来看，体质指数在18.5至24.9之间的人（正常的体质指数标准）属于最低风险级别。
赖斯博士说，参加这项研究的人一般在五项健康生活方式要素中占了两项。
Overall, researchers found that body mass index had the strongest association among the factors for diabetes risk. When looking at BMI in isolation, men of normal weight were 70% less likely to develop diabetes than overweight or obese men, while normal weight women were 78% less likely to develop diabetes.
总的来看，研究人员发现，在所有要素中, 体质指数与患糖尿病的风险之间的联系最密切。如果单独研究体质指数，体重正常的男性比超重或肥胖的男性罹患糖尿病的机率少70%，体重正常的女性患糖尿病的机率少78%。
In separate calculations of how factors add up to reduce risk, researchers found that men and women whose diet and exercise both were considered in the healthy range were just under 30% less likely to develop diabetes. When being a nonsmoker was added to diet and exercise, those people were about one-third less likely to develop the disease.
在分别计算这些要素叠加起来对减少患糖尿病风险有多大作用时，研究人员发现饮食和锻炼两项都处于健康范围的男性和女性患糠尿病的可能性少了30%，如果再加上不吸烟这个要素，人们患糠尿病的可能性就少了1/3。
Men who also consumed alcoholmoderately, in addition to the previous three factors, were 39% less likely to develop diabetes while women had 57% lower odds, suggesting the alcoholfactor played a bigger role in women than men. And when BMI was added to the other healthy lifestyle factors, men were 72% less likely to develop diabetes, while women had an 84% lower risk.
饮酒适量的男性再加上上述三项要素，患糖尿病的机率少39%，女性则少57%，这说明饮酒对女性的影响比对男性大。如果体质指数与其他健康生活方式要素加在一起，男性患糖尿病的可能性低了72%，女性则低了84%。
Although weight is one of the most important factors in diabetes development, Dr. Reis said that even overweight people can lower their odds of developing diabetes if they adopt just one other healthy lifestyle habit such as exercising three times a week.
赖斯博士说，尽管体重是糖尿病发病中最重要的因素之一，但如果人们采纳其中任何一种健康生活方式的习惯，例如每周锻炼三次，即使超重的人也可以降低患糖尿病的机率，。
Jennifer Corbett Dooren
- combination [,kɔmbi´neiʃən]
n.结合；联合；团体 (初中英语单词) - analysis [ə´næləsis] n.分解；分析(结果) (初中英语单词)
- healthy [´helθi] a.健康的 (初中英语单词)
- normal [´nɔ:məl] a.正规的 n.正常状态 (初中英语单词)
- alcohol [´ælkəhɔl] n.酒精；醇 (初中英语单词)
- reduction [ri´dʌkʃən] n.减少；缩小；降低 (初中英语单词)
- research [ri´sə:tʃ] n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 (初中英语单词)
- cancer [´kænsə] n.癌；毒瘤 (初中英语单词)
- height [hait] n.高度；顶点；卓越 (初中英语单词)
- institute [´institju:t] n.学院 vt.建立；设置 (初中英语单词)
- vegetable [´vedʒtəbəl] a.&n.蔬菜(的)；植物 (初中英语单词)
- amount [ə´maunt] n.总数；数量 v.合计 (初中英语单词)
- additional [ə´diʃənəl] a.附加的，额外的 (初中英语单词)
- factor [´fæktə] n.因素；原动力；要素 (初中英语单词)
- measure [´meʒə] n.量度；范围 vt.测量 (初中英语单词)
- addition [ə´diʃən] n.加；加法；附加物 (初中英语单词)
- previous [´pri:viəs] a.先，前，以前的 (初中英语单词)
- internal [in´tə:nl] a.内部的；国内的 (高中英语单词)
- consumption [kən´sʌmpʃən] n.消耗；结核病 (高中英语单词)
- moderately [´mɔdəritli] ad.适度；适中；普通 (英语四级单词)
- middle-aged [´midl´eidʒid] a.中年的 (英语六级单词)
- category [´kætigəri] n.种类；部属；范畴 (英语六级单词)
- isolation [,aisə´leiʃən] n.隔离，孤立 (英语六级单词)
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