Football Hooligan(足球流氓)

Football hooliganism is unruly and destructive behaviour -such as brawls, vandalism and intimidation-by association football club fans.[1] Fights between supporters of rival teams may take place before or after football matches at pre-arranged locations away from stadiums, in order to avoid arrests by the police, or they can erupt spontaneously at the stadium or in the surrounding streets. Football hooliganism ranges from shouts and fistfights to riots in which firms clash with bats, bottles, rocks, knives or guns[citation needed].[2] In some cases, stadium brawls have caused fans to flee in panic; some being killed when fences or walls collapsed.[3] In the most extreme cases, hooligans, police, and bystanders have been killed, and riot police have intervened with tear gas, armoured vehicles and water cannons.[4]

A football firm (also known as a hooligan firm) is a gang formed to fight with supporters of other clubs. Some firms, especially in southern and eastern Europe, have been linked with far right politics or racism, other firms have been associated with leftist politics or anti-racism. The firms' political views are not representative of all supporters of the teams. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the casual subculture transformed the British football hooliganism scene. Instead of wearing working class skinhead-style clothes, which readily identified hooligans to the police, firm members began wearing designer clothes and expensive offhand sportswear.

Football hooliganism has been depicted in films such as: I.D., The Firm, Cass, The Football Factory, Green Street, and Rise of the Footsoldier. There are also many books about hooliganism, such as The Football Factory and Among the Thugs. Some critics argue that these media representations glamorise violence and the hooligan lifestyle.

"足球流氓"的心理是个谜，相关的心理学剖析由来已久。平时，"足球流氓"大多是不被社会重视和关注的群体，而足球给予他们一条挥洒内心和宣泄情感的途径。目前从心理学和精神医学的角度分析，"足球流氓"一般都有人格障碍，如反社会性人格障碍、冲动性人格障碍等。部分心理学家在解读"足球流氓"的动因时提出，有的人是在工作或家庭中遭遇不顺心的事情，甚至婚姻恋爱中的挫折、压力、委屈，不恰当地"转移"到足球事件上去，借机出气。 足球流氓是一个表面与足球相关，实则与足球毫不搭界的人群。所谓表面与足球相关，指的是这群人爱借着足球上发生的种种矛盾生事，闹事的时间与地点均与足球比赛密切相关；而之所以说足球流氓的所作所为与足球毫不搭界，是指他们的行为绝非一般球迷所为，也不能用一时冲动来为其开脱。如果脱去其外表披着的球迷伪装，这群人的暴力行为与一般刑事犯没有本质的区别，由于其披着球迷的外衣，加上其作案地点是人群高度密集的体育场，有时他们的危害性和煽动性要大于一般的罪犯。

分类：凑热闹型 这类人喜欢人多热闹的地方 人越多越来劲
没事找抽型 喜欢搞点新闻出来 标榜自己或自己的国家
暴力过激型 受不了刺激 想找人泻火的类型

• extreme [ik´stri:m] a.尽头的 n.极端 (初中英语单词)
• politics [´pɔlitiks] n.政治(学)；政治活动 (初中英语单词)
• working [´wə:kiŋ] a.工人的；劳动的 (初中英语单词)
• readily [´redili] ad.乐意地；容易地 (初中英语单词)
• expensive [ik´spensiv] a.费钱的，昂贵的 (初中英语单词)
• violence [´vaiələns] n.猛烈；暴力(行) (初中英语单词)
• surrounding [sə´raundiŋ] n.周围的事物 (高中英语单词)
• casual [´kæʒuəl] a.偶然的；临时的 (高中英语单词)
• destructive [di´strʌktiv] a.破坏性的 (英语四级单词)
• knives [naivz] knife的复数 (英语四级单词)
• unruly [ʌn´ru:li] a.不守规则的 (英语六级单词)
• designer [di´zainə] n.设计者 (英语六级单词)