Controlling Cholera May Be Easier Than Thought (1/2)

There are low-cost vaccines, taken by mouth, that can protect against cholera" class="hjdict" word="cholera" target=_blank>cholera. The vaccine is commonly provided to international travelers, but not to communities that suffer cholera epidemics. There are questions about how effective it would be as a control measure.

New findings suggest that it would be highly effective. These are based on the predictions of a computer model. Researchers say the model shows that the vaccine could reduce new cases in high-risk areas by ninety percent. And they say only half the population would have to take it once every two years.

Cholera is a serious bacterial disease found mainly in developing countries. People can get it from water or food that comes in contact with human waste. The intestinal infection causes a loss of fluids.

Cholera is treated by drinking an oral rehydration solution which replaces lost fluids and salts. In the most severe cases, fluids are injected into the body. Without treatment, it usually kills people within eighteen hours to several days. Estimates are that the disease kills at least one hundred thousand people a year.

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有一种低成本的口服疫苗可以有效保护人们免受霍乱的侵害。这种疫苗通常提供给跨国旅游的行人，但对遭受流行性霍乱的社区通常不予提供此种疫苗。对于这种控制霍乱的方法人们对其有效性还存在着疑问。
新的发现认为这种疫苗非常有效。这是基于计算机模型模拟预测得出的结论。研究者说模型显示这种疫苗可以减少高危区域内新病例出现人数达90%以上。同时他们说只有半数民众需要每两年服用一次此种疫苗。
霍乱是一种主要发生在发展中国家的危险的细菌型疾病。人们吃了染有粪便的水或食物
会感染此病。而这种肠道感染性疾病会导致肠内液体的流失。
霍乱的治疗一般认为可以通过口服水合剂的方法来补充流失的体液和盐分。在大多数重病例中，液体被直接注射进身体。如果不加治疗，它通常会使人在18小时到几天的时间里致死。据估计每年至少有10万人死于霍乱。