一、表示"二者居一"、"非此即彼",或"数个事物中的任何一个"常译为"或"、"或者"、"还是"等。例如:
1. Static electricity is caused by lightning or by certain electrical
machines that give off electromagnetic waves.
静电是由闪电或某些产生电磁波的电机产生的。
2. Is this material a conductor or an insulator?
这种材料是导体,还是绝缘体?
二、表示事物的另一种,常常是更详细、更明确或更通俗、更简洁的说法。常译为"或称"、 "换言之"、"也就是"、"即"等。例如:
1. Fire is a chemical action, or an action taking place between different
chemical substances.
火是一种化学反应,或者说,是发生在不同化学物质间的一种作用。
2. We will start with a cubic inch of hydrogen at atmosphere pressure
( or the air pressure at the earth's surface ).
我们从大气压力(即地球表面的空气压力)下的一立方英寸氢气开始。
3. The study of the insides of atoms, or of atomic nuclei, is called
nuclear science, or nucleonics.
对原子内部或原子核的研究称作核科学,或称核子学。
三、不表示"二者居一",而表示"二者均可" 这时可译为"和"。例如:
The digital computer, in its computation section, can do mainly two things
-- add or substract.
数字计算机的运算部分主要有两项功能:加和减。
四、有时可不译出,一事物在英语中有两个名称,而在汉语中只有一个,或者为了汉语行文简洁,在不影响句意的情况下,均可不译。例如:
1. The camshaft has a cam, on which there is a lob, or bump.
凸轮轴上有一个凸轮,凸轮上有一个凸角。
2. So the compression waves pile up in front of the wings and fuselage,
or body, of the plane.
这样,压缩波就堆积在机翼和机身的前面。
3. If the amount of positive and negative charges is varied, the electron
stream can be made to bend up or down in varying amounts.
如果正负电荷的量发生变化,电子流上下弯曲的程度也随之变化。
五、表示前一动作如不发生,则后一动作或情况就要出现这时or常译作"否则"、"不然就"等。例如:
You have to open the switch right away or (else) the fuse will be burned
off.
你必须把开关立即关掉,否则保险丝就会烧断。
有时,or 前后说的是两种相互对照的情况,这时,可译为"反之"。
An object is said to be hot if its temperature is much higher than that
of our bodies or cold if its temperature is much lower.
一物体比人体体温高得多时,我们说,该物体是热的;反之, 该物体比人体体温低得多时,它就是冷的。