章节正文
Go ahead, sleep in - it's good for the heart
Just one extra hour of sleep a day appears to lower the risk of developing calcium deposits in the arteries, a precursor to heart disease, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday.
The finding adds to a growing list of health consequences - including weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure - linked to getting too little sleep.
"We found that people who on average slept longer were at reduced risk of developing new coronary artery calcifications over five years," said Diane Lauderdale of the University of Chicago Medical Center, whose study appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
"It was surprisingly strong," Lauderdale said in a telephone interview.
Calcium deposits in the coronary arteries are considered a precursor of future heart disease. "It's a very early marker of future risk," she said.
Unlike other studies looking at the risks of getting too little sleep, which use people's own estimates of their sleep patterns, Lauderdale's team set out to measure actual sleep patterns.
They fitted 495 people aged 35 to 47 with sophisticated wrist bands that tracked subtle body movements. Information from these recorders was fed into a computer program that was able to detect actual sleep patterns.
The team used special computed tomography, or CT, scans to assess the buildup of calcium inside heart arteries, performing one scan at the start of the study and one five years later.
After accounting for other differences such as age, gender, race, education, smoking and risk for sleep apnea, the team found sleep duration appeared to play a significant role in the development of coronary artery calcification.
About 12 percent of the people in the study developed artery calcification during the five-year study period. Among those who had slept less than five hours a night, 27 percent had developed artery calcification.
That dropped to 11 percent among those who slept five to seven hours, and to 6 percent among those who slept more than seven hours a night.
Lauderdale said it is not clear why this difference occurred in people who slept less, but they had some theories. Because blood pressure tends to fall off during sleep, it could be that people who slept longer had lower blood pressure over a 24-hour period.
Or, it could be related to reduced exposure to the stress hormone cortisol, which is decreased during sleep.
Or it may be some unidentified process.
"It's something of a mystery," Lauderdale said.
Kathy Parker, a sleep researcher from the University of Rochester's School of Nursing in New York, said the study underscores the role sleep plays in health.
"People think that sleep doesn't matter but clearly it does. Sleep deprivation is a public health problem and studies such as this show how increasing sleep duration can have tremendouslypositive effects," Parker, who was not involved in the research, said in a statement.
Lauderdale said her findings should be confirmed by others, but said many studies point to the need for at least six hours of sleep a night.
周二，美国的研究者称，每天多睡1小时可降低动脉内的钙沉积--心脏病的先期症状。
根据这个发现，更多的健康问题--包括体重增长、糖尿病、高血压--它们的发生都和睡眠不足有关。
芝加哥大学医学中心的黛安·劳德黛尔说："我们发现，睡眠时间长的人在5年后患冠状动脉硬化风险的更小。" 劳德黛尔的这一发现被刊登在《美国医学协会杂志》上。
劳德黛尔在电话访谈中说道："这结果太令人惊奇了"。
冠状动脉中的钙沉积是导致人们将来患上心脏病的先兆症状。劳德黛尔说："钙的沉积可导致心脏病，它是心脏病的早期标志。"
和其他的研究不同，劳德黛尔的研究重点不是睡眠缺乏所带来的风险，这种研究都让人们自己评估他们的睡眠模式，而劳德黛尔的的小组却专门测量人们实际的睡眠模式。
小组给495位年龄在35-47岁间的试验者系上精密的腕带，这些腕带可追踪人体的细微活动。将记录器中获取的信息输入计算机程序，从而检测出人们实际的睡眠模式。
研究小组使用特别的计算机断层摄影法（CT），对心脏动脉中钙的沉积情况进行扫描和评估，扫描于研究开始时进行一次，5年后再进行第二次。
将其他差异，如年龄、性别、种族、教育、吸烟，以及患上睡眠呼吸暂停的风险考虑在内之后，研究小组发现，睡眠时间的长短在冠状动脉硬化的形成方面起了很大作用。
参与研究的人群中，12%的人在研究持续的5年间患上了冠状动脉硬化。夜间睡眠时间不足5小时的人群中，有27%患上了动脉硬化。
睡眠时间在5-7小时的人群中，这个比率下降到了11%，而夜间睡眠时间在7小时以上的人群中，这个比率下降到了6%。
劳德黛尔说，至于为什么睡眠时间少的人群中出现了这种差异，原因尚不清楚，但是研究小组已经找到了一些理论依据。因为人们在睡觉时，血压下降，睡眠时间长的人，24小时内的血压也更低。
或者，也有可能是压力荷尔蒙--皮质醇的减少造成的，因为睡眠时，这种荷尔蒙的含量可降低。
或者，有可能是一些人类未知的原因造成的。
劳德黛尔说："目前，这还是个不解之谜。"
纽约罗切斯特大学护理学院的睡眠研究专家凯西·帕克说，这次研究强调了睡眠对于健康的作用。
帕克并未参加这次研究，但是她说："人们觉得睡眠无关紧要，但事实上，睡眠很重要。睡眠缺乏是个很普遍的公众健康问题，此次研究向我们显示，延长睡眠时间，对于我们的健康大有益处。"
劳德黛尔说，她的发现将通过其他科学家的研究得到证实，不过，许多研究已经指出，人们每晚至少应当睡6小时。
关键字:市民英语
生词表:
Just one extra hour of sleep a day appears to lower the risk of developing calcium deposits in the arteries, a precursor to heart disease, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday.
The finding adds to a growing list of health consequences - including weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure - linked to getting too little sleep.
"We found that people who on average slept longer were at reduced risk of developing new coronary artery calcifications over five years," said Diane Lauderdale of the University of Chicago Medical Center, whose study appears in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
"It was surprisingly strong," Lauderdale said in a telephone interview.
Calcium deposits in the coronary arteries are considered a precursor of future heart disease. "It's a very early marker of future risk," she said.
Unlike other studies looking at the risks of getting too little sleep, which use people's own estimates of their sleep patterns, Lauderdale's team set out to measure actual sleep patterns.
They fitted 495 people aged 35 to 47 with sophisticated wrist bands that tracked subtle body movements. Information from these recorders was fed into a computer program that was able to detect actual sleep patterns.
The team used special computed tomography, or CT, scans to assess the buildup of calcium inside heart arteries, performing one scan at the start of the study and one five years later.
After accounting for other differences such as age, gender, race, education, smoking and risk for sleep apnea, the team found sleep duration appeared to play a significant role in the development of coronary artery calcification.
About 12 percent of the people in the study developed artery calcification during the five-year study period. Among those who had slept less than five hours a night, 27 percent had developed artery calcification.
That dropped to 11 percent among those who slept five to seven hours, and to 6 percent among those who slept more than seven hours a night.
Lauderdale said it is not clear why this difference occurred in people who slept less, but they had some theories. Because blood pressure tends to fall off during sleep, it could be that people who slept longer had lower blood pressure over a 24-hour period.
Or, it could be related to reduced exposure to the stress hormone cortisol, which is decreased during sleep.
Or it may be some unidentified process.
"It's something of a mystery," Lauderdale said.
Kathy Parker, a sleep researcher from the University of Rochester's School of Nursing in New York, said the study underscores the role sleep plays in health.
"People think that sleep doesn't matter but clearly it does. Sleep deprivation is a public health problem and studies such as this show how increasing sleep duration can have tremendouslypositive effects," Parker, who was not involved in the research, said in a statement.
Lauderdale said her findings should be confirmed by others, but said many studies point to the need for at least six hours of sleep a night.
周二，美国的研究者称，每天多睡1小时可降低动脉内的钙沉积--心脏病的先期症状。
根据这个发现，更多的健康问题--包括体重增长、糖尿病、高血压--它们的发生都和睡眠不足有关。
芝加哥大学医学中心的黛安·劳德黛尔说："我们发现，睡眠时间长的人在5年后患冠状动脉硬化风险的更小。" 劳德黛尔的这一发现被刊登在《美国医学协会杂志》上。
劳德黛尔在电话访谈中说道："这结果太令人惊奇了"。
冠状动脉中的钙沉积是导致人们将来患上心脏病的先兆症状。劳德黛尔说："钙的沉积可导致心脏病，它是心脏病的早期标志。"
和其他的研究不同，劳德黛尔的研究重点不是睡眠缺乏所带来的风险，这种研究都让人们自己评估他们的睡眠模式，而劳德黛尔的的小组却专门测量人们实际的睡眠模式。
小组给495位年龄在35-47岁间的试验者系上精密的腕带，这些腕带可追踪人体的细微活动。将记录器中获取的信息输入计算机程序，从而检测出人们实际的睡眠模式。
研究小组使用特别的计算机断层摄影法（CT），对心脏动脉中钙的沉积情况进行扫描和评估，扫描于研究开始时进行一次，5年后再进行第二次。
将其他差异，如年龄、性别、种族、教育、吸烟，以及患上睡眠呼吸暂停的风险考虑在内之后，研究小组发现，睡眠时间的长短在冠状动脉硬化的形成方面起了很大作用。
参与研究的人群中，12%的人在研究持续的5年间患上了冠状动脉硬化。夜间睡眠时间不足5小时的人群中，有27%患上了动脉硬化。
睡眠时间在5-7小时的人群中，这个比率下降到了11%，而夜间睡眠时间在7小时以上的人群中，这个比率下降到了6%。
劳德黛尔说，至于为什么睡眠时间少的人群中出现了这种差异，原因尚不清楚，但是研究小组已经找到了一些理论依据。因为人们在睡觉时，血压下降，睡眠时间长的人，24小时内的血压也更低。
或者，也有可能是压力荷尔蒙--皮质醇的减少造成的，因为睡眠时，这种荷尔蒙的含量可降低。
或者，有可能是一些人类未知的原因造成的。
劳德黛尔说："目前，这还是个不解之谜。"
纽约罗切斯特大学护理学院的睡眠研究专家凯西·帕克说，这次研究强调了睡眠对于健康的作用。
帕克并未参加这次研究，但是她说："人们觉得睡眠无关紧要，但事实上，睡眠很重要。睡眠缺乏是个很普遍的公众健康问题，此次研究向我们显示，延长睡眠时间，对于我们的健康大有益处。"
劳德黛尔说，她的发现将通过其他科学家的研究得到证实，不过，许多研究已经指出，人们每晚至少应当睡6小时。
关键字:市民英语
生词表:
- calcium [´kælsiəm]
n.钙 四级词汇 - artery [´ɑ:təri] n.动脉；干线 四级词汇
- chicago [ʃi´kɑ:gəu] n.芝加哥 四级词汇
- surprisingly [sə´praiziŋli] ad.惊人地；意外地 六级词汇
- duration [djuə´reiʃən] n.持久；持续期间 六级词汇
- tremendously [tri´mendəsli] ad.可怕地；极大地 四级词汇
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