【New words and expressions】生词和短语

★rare adj. 罕见的

rare animal 稀有动物 (animal n.动物)

rare bird 珍稀鸟类

rare illness 疑难杂症

scarce adj :少有的,表示某个时间段或某个地方少有 : Watermelon is scarce in winter.

scarce adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 稀有的, 不充足的/ watermelon n.西瓜

rare : 指世界上都少有

coconut n.椰子

steak n.(供煎, 烤等的)肉, 鱼, 肉片, 鱼片, 肉排, 牛排

well done : 全熟

medium : 半生半熟的 (medium n.媒体, 方法, 媒介 adj.中间的, 中等的, 半生熟的)

rare : 几乎是生的

★ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的

ancient Egypt 古埃及 (])

antique 古代的, 古玩, 古董, 古老而有价值的 : antique furniture 古董家具

★myth n. 神话故事

fairy 神仙故事

★effect n. 结果, 效果

have an effect 有效果

have no effect 没有效果

have effect on 对...有效果

The advice has no effect on me.

★trouble n. 麻烦

woman/man troubles 女人/男人真麻烦

child troubles 孩子真麻烦

never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you. 永远不要自寻烦恼

Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦 (let sb do)

ask for trouble

He is asking for trouble.

I'm sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉给你带来麻烦(口语)

have trouble in doing sth

I have trouble (in) parking the car.

I have a lot of trouble parking the car.

★Medusa n. 美杜莎(古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一)

★Gorgon n. (古希腊神话中的)3位蛇发女怪这一(凡见其貌者都会变成石头)

【Text】

Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车

First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

What is Jasper White's problem?

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!

参考译文

贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一. 他刚在城里买下一所新房子, 但自从搬进去后, 就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦. 当他夜里回到家时, 总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外. 为此, 他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库. 贾斯珀曾把几块 "禁止停车" 的牌子挂在大门外边, 但没有任何效果. 现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边, 这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一. 我问他那是什么?他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎. 贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头. 但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢!

【课文讲解】

one of 其中之一

one of the students

believe in 信任; 信仰 (并不只是相信的意思,有任何时候都 "相信" 彻彻底底的相信即信任)

关系代词 : who,whom,which,that

关系代词后面要加从句

先行词是主句和从句共同有的一个词

I have a book that/which he likes.( "book" 为先行词 "that/which" 为关系代词)

关系代词有两个功能 : 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 "book" 作从句的宾语)

The boy is my brother.

The boy is standing at the door.

The boy who is standing at the door is my brother.

I can do anything I can to help you.

I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你

Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths.

who 在这是关系词, 起承上启下的作用

believe 用在people之后应该用复数对待

who 在从句中指代的是单数, 就用单数对待, 在从句中指代的是复数就用复数对待

如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词

如果在one of前面还有一修饰词 (the) only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看

He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.

one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是做单数看待的

One of the answers is ture.

One of those people is good.

ever since=since

have trouble doing 做...有麻烦

have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦

I have trouble with my roommate.

in the morning 每天早晨

in the afternoon　每天下午

at night　每天晚上

park a car 停车

because of 由于

because 的后面加句子

because of 的后面加词或动词 "-ing"

be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做

get his car into his garage.

I drove the car into the wall.

I drove the car into the tree.

drive the car into 把车子撞上某地

get sth into 把...弄进

even once : 甚至一次,even 起强调

put up 张贴 put up the pictures on the wall 在墙上贴画

not any = no

on 接触在上面

over 悬挂在上面

one of后面加可数名词的复数

I have ever seen 做定语从句, 修饰前边的faces

如果关系词在从句中做宾语, 关系词可以省略, 所以 I 前的which被省略

This is the most difficult thing I have ever done.

This is the most terrible news I have ever heard.

有两个结构一定是最高级

1.of+范围 (of all the students)

2.in+地点

He is the tallest in the room.

3.I have ever 从句

hope 的后面加that从句

turn sth to 把前者变成后者

turn the prince to a frog (prince n.王子 frog n.青蛙 vi.捕蛙)

He was turned to a frog

turn cars and their owners to stone

none of,neither of做主语时做单数看待

先行词 : 放在定语从句前面, 而且是两句话共同含有的词, 还是被定语从句修饰的词

定语从句 : 句子做定语, 一般放在被修饰词后面

四个关系代词 :

who;whom;which;that

who 在从句当中做主语或做宾语

whom 只能在从句当中做宾语

which 指物, 即可以做主语, 又可以做宾语

that 即可以指物, 又可以指人, 即可以做主语, 又可以做宾语

【Special Difficulties】难点

whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语

The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother. 妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟

The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt.把飞机降落在田里的飞行员没有受伤

land 着陆

He is the right person I am looking for.

Pilot [] n.飞行员, 领航员, 引水员 vt.驾驶(飞机等), 领航, 引水 v.驾驶

【Structure】(58页)

3. Our neighbour, _____name is Charles Alison,will sail tomorrow.

(a) whose √ (b) whose his (c) his (d) of whom

whose 在这儿等于his

his是物主代词, whose是关系代词

关系代词可以引导定语从句, 物主代词不可以引导定语从句

做主语, 宾语的关系代词有 who, whom,which,that

只有whose做定语

5.His boat,_____is Topsail, is famouse.

(a) whose the name (b) the whose name (c) of whom the name (d) the name of which √

冠词和形容词性物主代词不能并存

不会说of sth the name

而会说the name of sth

介词后边加的是介词宾语

that不能直接出现在介词后边

whose name 也对

复习28课的语法

定语从句

关系代词可以有四个概念 :

1.代人的, 做主语或宾语who

只做宾语的whom

2.代物的, 做主语或宾语 which

3.代人的也可以代物的 做主语或宾语 that

4.whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人)

The boat whose name is...

翻译练习 :

我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了.

I have a house whose windows are broken.

介词后不可以用that

I have a book I am interested in.

I have a book that I am interested in.

Exersise(在需要的地方填上who, which, that或whose)

1 The only games ______ I play are football and tennis.

2 He is the only student ______ understands English well.

3 He is a writer ______ books are seldom read.

4 This is the hotel at ______ we are staying.

5 Is this the money ______ you lost?

6 That is the horse ______ won the race.

7 He is the sort of person ______ everyone admires.

The only game...I play are football and tennis.

1.不填 如果要填只能是that, 在从句中作宾语可省略

先行词如果用only, 序数词, 形容词最高级修饰, 其后边的关系词只用that

2.He is the only student...understand English well.

that

3.He is writer...books are seldom read.

whose

4.This is the hotel at...we are staying

which 句中的 "at" 原来在 "staying" 的后边

This is the hotel which we are staying at.

介词后加物的话, 只加which,加人的话, 用whom, 都不可用that,who也不能

She is the gril. I stayed with her.

She is the girl who/whom/that I stayed with. (句中 "who/whom/that" 可省略)

She is the girl with whom I stayed.

That is the house.I live in the house.

That is the house in which I live.

5.Is this the money...you lost? 不填

6.That is the horse...won the race.

从句中少主语: which

选which , 不能用that

句子中用词避免重复, 句首已有了一个 "that" , 故选 "which" 而不是 "that"

谁是那个正在帮助你的人?

Who is the man that is helping you? 不用 "who" , 避免重复

7. He is the sort of person...everyone admires.他就是每个人都很羡慕的那种人

person 是先行词, 在从句中做宾语

不填

admire v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕

总结 :

在做翻译或阅读时, 先找句子的主干, 剩下的是各修饰成分

考定语从句时, 备选答案更加难以选出, 要仔细分辨, 再复习一下这七道题

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6.It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I've never seen ______

a.an ugly one b.an ugliest one c.the ugliest one d.an uglier one

这是我所见过的最干净的街道了.

This is the cleanest street I have ever seen.

答案 : D　

此句是用比较级来表达最高级的概念

better than anything else 最好

The teacher is the tallest in the room.

The teacher is taller than anyone else in the room.

I have never seen a taller one.

I have never bought a more expensive one.

7 ______ of them has been turned to stone.

a.No one b.Not one c.No d.Even one

课文中为　none of

No 是形容词, 后加名词

no one =nobody ("nobody" 指的是人, 它将 "cars" 排除了是不对的)

不定代词后不用of

可以用的有 : neither of/none of/both of/all of

none of =not one of

9 He is a rare person. You ______ meet such people.

a.often b.never c.seldom d.sometimes

9. C

rarely=seldom 几乎不

rarely adv.很少地, 罕有地 / seldom adv.很少, 不常

10 Not all car owners are good ______ .

a.guides b.conductors c.leaders d.drivers

选 D.

not all 不是所有的

Not all students are good.

Not all children are naughty.

部分否定概念

12 The signs haven't had any effect. They haven't ______ anyone.

a.affected b.effected c.resulted in d.imposed

12. A

have effect 有效果

影响 effect .n.

affect .v.

【Composition】作文

My wife (drives) (leads) a car. She has (driven) (ridden) a car for many years (and) (but) she says that women drivers (do not deserve) (are not worth) their bad reputation. Yet, on the road, she often (criticizes) (judges) other women drivers.

drives/driven/and/do not deserve/criticizes

reputation n.名誉, 名声

judge n.法官, 审判员, 裁判员, 鉴赏家, 鉴定人, (J-)最高的审判者 vt.审理, 鉴定, 判断, 判决, 断定, 认为 vi.下判断, 作评价

多项选择参考答案:

l.(c) 2.(d) 3.(b) 4.(b) 5.(c) 6.(d) 7.(b) 8.(d) 9.(c) ]0.(d) 1 l.(b) 12.(a)


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