1. be about to do sth 习惯上不与具体时间状语连用
be about to do sth 的意思是"即将做某事",由于本身已含有"即将"这样的时间概念,所以它习惯上不再与 soon, at once, immediately, tomorrow 这样的具体时间状语连用。如:
我们即将动身。
误:We are about to start at once.
正:We are about to start.
正:We'll start at once.
2. ago 习惯上不与现在完成时连用
在通常情况下 ago 只与过去时连用,而不与
现在完成时连用。因为 ago 指的是多久以前的过去时间,而
现在完成时表示的动作虽然发生在过去,但它强调的是与现在的联系或对现在的影响,因此两者不能用在一起。如:
我两个月前见过他。
误:I have seen him two months ago.
正:I saw him two months ago.
但是,有时为了行文的需要或使句子生动,ago可用于类似以下这样的句子:
I had thought that he had died at least 20 years ago. 我原以为他至少在20年前就已经去世了。
3. 终止性动词不与一段时间状语连用
由于终止性动词发生或存在的时间很短,有时甚至只是一个概念,因此它不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
他参军10年了。
误:He joined [went into] the army for ten years.
正:He joined [went into] the army ten years ago.
正:He has been in the army for ten years.
正:He has been a soldier for ten years.
常见的终止性动词有 come, go, join, leave, buy, see, finish, hear, appear, die 等。
常见的一段时间有 five minutes, half an hour, three days, one week, two years 等。
注:偶尔见到终止性动词与表示一段时间的短语连用,那么它表示的一定是指终止性动词所表示的动作结束后所持续的一段时间,如:He has come here for a week. 他已来了,准备呆一个星期。若要表示"他已来了一个星期",则说:He has been here for a week. / It is a week since he came.
4. why not 习惯上不与过去时间状语连用
why not...后接动词,其意为"你为什么不......呢",它主要用于提出建议,因此通常只能用于现在或将来,而不能用于过去。如:
你昨天为什么不打扫房间?
误:Why not clean the room yesterday?
正:Why didn't you clean the room yesterday?
5. when 习惯上不与现在完成时连用
when 表示"何时""什么时候"时,可用于过去时态或将来时态,但通常不用于
现在完成时。如:
你什么时候和他首次见面的?
误:When have you first met him?
正:When did you first meet him?
但是,since when 可以与
现在完成时连用。如:
Since when have you lived here? 你从什么时候起住在这里的?
Since when have you become active? 你什么时候开始变得积极了?
6. some day 习惯上不与过去时间状语连用
one day 和 some day 均可表示"一天""某一天",但前者可用于过去或将来,而后者则通常只用于将来,而不用于过去。如:
上周的一天他与他妻子吵架了。
误:Some day last week he had a quarrel with his wife.
正:One day last week he had a quarrel with his wife.
7. be probable 习惯上不与不定式结构连用
与 be possible 不一样,be probable 通常不用于 It's probable (for sb) to do sth 句型。
他很可能会赢。
误:It's probable for him to win.
正:It's probable that he will win.
记住:要表示类似意思 probable 通常使用的句型是:It's probable that-clause.
8. 时间或条件状语从句不能用将来时态
由 when, as soon as, before, after, as, until 等引导的时间
状语从句以及由 if, unless, as long as, in case 等引导的条件
状语从句不能直接用将来时态,遇此情况英语习惯上用一般现在时代替
一般将来时。如:
趁早动手,免得忘了。
误:Do it before you will forget.
正:Do it before you forget.
我到达那儿后就给你写信。
误:I'll write to you after I will get there.
正:I'll write to you after I get there.
如果他来,请告诉我一声。
误:In case he will come, let me know.
正:In case he comes, let me know.
9. as 引导的时间状语从句谓语动词习惯上不能是状态动词
as 引导时间状语从句表示"当......的时候""在......期间"时,该从句的谓语通常是那些表示动作意义的动词,而不能是 be(是、在), have(有),like(喜欢),belong(属于)等表示状态或静态意义的动词。如:
我打算去邮局。--当你在邮局的时候,请帮我买几张邮票好吗?
误:I'm going to the post office.-As you are there, can you get me some stamps?
正:I'm going to the post office.-While you are there, can you get me some stamps?
10. heavy 习惯上不与具体的重量连用
old, long, wide 等
形容词可用于 ten years old, three meters long, 100 meters wide 等结构, 但 heavy 不与表示重量的短语连用。如:
每个箱子重约10公斤。
误:Each box is about 10 kilos heavy.
正:Each box is about 10 kilos.
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短语讲解生词表: