动词可能处于三种情绪中的一种：指示性，命令性或虚拟性。 指示性情绪用于做出事实陈述。 命令式情绪发出请求或命令。 虚拟语气可以使用以“if”或“that”开头的条款表达疑问或愿望; 它还可以在以“that”开头的子句中表达请求，请求或提议。
指示性情绪
- 目前指示: Jerry Seinfeld laughs on television.
- 过去指示: Jerry laughed on television.
- 未来指示: Jerry will laugh on television tomorrow.
祈使语气
- Notice how much sharper the picture appears.
- Call her tomorrow.
- Take a seat!
虚拟语气
- He talks about grammar as if he were an expert. (Expresses doubt or an idea contrary to fact.)
- I wish that I were a fast runner. (Expresses a wish.)
Present Subjunctive
- The professor requests that the paper be turned in on time. (Expresses a request.)
- The rules require that each contestant submit an entry form. (Expresses a demand.)
- I suggest that the heat be reduced. (Illustrates a proposal.)
助动词
Auxiliary verbs "could," "would," and "should" might also express the subjunctive mood, especially when one expresses a condition contrary to fact.
Examples:
| 过去的虚拟语气 | 条件与事实相反 |
|---|---|
| If the forecaster were correct, I would be prepared. | If the forecaster could be correct, I would be prepared. |
| If the company were to fly her, she would interview. | If the company would fly her, she would interview. |
| If Joe were to marry Ann, he would be happy. | If Joe should marry Ann, he would be happy. |
动词后面通常跟着虚拟动词的“that”子句：宣布，询问，好像，请求，确定，指示，坚持，移动，排序，偏好，提议，推荐，请求，要求和建议。
生词表:
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