倒装(Inversion)
1．分类：
完全倒装：整个谓语都放在主语之前.
Here comes the bus.
部分倒装：把助动词，情态动词，提到主语之前。
Has he gone to school?
注：主语是代词，有的不能使用倒装。
2．用法
完全倒装。
1.在 There be 句型中，be可换成 live , lie, stand 等表示状态的词。
There is a boat in the river.
There stands a temple on the top of the hill.
2.用在以here, there, now, then, in， out， down， up, back, over ,away, off等副词开头的句子中，主语是代词时不倒装。
Now comes my turn.
Here is a letter for you.
Then followed three days of heavy rain.
In came the teacher, and the lesson began.
Off went the horses.
Up went the arrow into the air.
Away they went.
3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常把这个介词短语放在句首，用完全倒装。
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die.
4.用在强调表语的句子中，表语提前不仅仅为了强调，而且为了避免句子头重脚轻，使句子平衡。
Such was the story he told me.
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
5.在直接引语全部置于句首的句子里,引述动词和他的主语往往要倒装.
“ You have made great progress this term.” said our teacher.
“Mr.Crossett,”said my father,”will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”
“Why didn’t you join us!” Our monitor asked me.


部分倒装
1.由连词as, though, no matter how, however引导的让步状语从句中，通常把n/adj./verb/adv.提前.
Child as he is, she knows a great deal.
Youngest as he is , he studies best in our class.
However tired he is, he continues to work.
Again as he tired, he failed.
Hard as he works, he makes little progress.
Try as he does, she will never pass it.
Search as they would, they could find no sign.
Much as he likes the girl, he quarrels with her sometimes.
Young though he is, he has won the Nobel Prize.
2．有were, had, should等虚拟条件句中，常省略if, 句子半倒装。
Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
Had your father known this, he would have given you advice.
3．语气，常把某些副词性短语或表语形容词提到句首，如 not, never, hardly, not only…but also, neither…nor, seldom, little, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, by no means，in no time, hardly/ scarcely….when, no sooner…than, not until,
Never have I met him.
Hardly did I think it possible.
Not until midnight, did it stop raining.（主句倒装）
Not until she took off the glasses did I recognize her

Scarcely had I got home, when it began to rain.（从句倒状）
No sooner had he left home than it began to rain. （从句倒状）

Not only does he like, but also he learns it well.（not only 后倒装）
Not only I but also she likes English.(连接主语不倒装)
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.（前后都倒装）

4．频度状语的often, always, once, many a time(多次，常常),now and then, every other day
Often do I tell her about my life here.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.
5．0nly和他所修饰的状语一起放在句首时，必须倒装。
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
置于句首修饰主语和宾语时，不倒装。
Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.
Only him we could find in the room just now.
6．疑问句中
What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?
What do you think the two cheats pretended to be doing?(注意)
What makes you so angry? (注意)
7．重复句型。
在前后两个并列的句子中，后句以so, nor, neither开始重复前句内容时，主语是不同的人或物，译为……也是时，用倒装。
He has finished his work, so have I.
You can’t do it, nor can I.
如果主语是同一人或物，译为…..确实如此时，不用倒装。
It is fine today, so it is.
当前面是复杂情况，如，两个不同形式的主语，两个或两个以上的句子，或既有肯定又有否定时，用so it is/was with sb./It is /was the same with sb/The same goes for sb句型。
Her mother is a doctor and works in the People’s Hospital. So it is with mine.
8．在以may开头的一些祝福语中
May you have a good journey!
May you succeed!
9．程度状语的so/such…that放在句首。前一部分倒装
So loudly did he speak that all of us could hear him clearly.
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
Such a noise was there that I couldn’t work




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