第九讲 宾语从句

宾语从句的三要素：引导词、陈述句语序、时态一致

1．宾语从句的引导词
　　（1）由陈述句变成的宾语从句，用that引导，语序不变。that在句中无实际意义，可以省略。如：
He is a teacher. →He said (that) he was a teacher.
I have already seen the film. →He said that he (had) already seen the film.
　　（2）由一般疑问句变成的宾语从句，用if或whether引导，表示“是否”，原来一般疑问句的语序要变为陈述句语序。如：
　 Does the boy like English? →The teacher asked me if the boy liked English.
Are they students?→I don't know if they are students.
注意：当宾语从句中出现“or not”或“or + 供具体选择的内容”时，就只能用whether来引导。例如：
I don’t know whether he will come back soon or not.
　　（3）由特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，疑问代词或疑问副词作宾语从句的引导词，并在宾语从句中充当成分，表示对不清楚的人、事物、时间、地点、方式等的询问。原来特殊疑问句的疑问语序要变为陈述语序。如：
Who is that boy? → Miss Li wants to know who that boy is.
What does the girl want to buy? → He asked what the girl wanted to buy.
Where have they gone? → I didn’t know where they had gone.
When did you leave? → He asked when I left.
2．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主语前不可有be动词、情态动 词或助动词do, does, did, have, has, had等。
3．时态一致性，即若主句时态是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），宾语从句的时态也用过去时态，如：
　　We know he is a teacher at a school.
　　We know he lost his son last year.
　　We know he will come here soon.
He said that he was ill.

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