第六讲 句子的种类
我们都知道,根据句子的使用目的,句子可分为陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句。疑问句是常考的重点,也是要掌握的难点,这里我们首先重点讲一下.
疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.
一.反意疑问句
定义:在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句.
1.如前面陈述句部分是肯定式,后面问句部分一般用是否定式;
如前一部分是否定式,后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称,数及时态上通常保持一致.
如:You are a student,aren't you?(你是学生,对吗?)
2.在祈使句后面用反意疑问句,要注意人称的变化。
如:Go to the cinema,will you?
3.在省略的感叹句后面,要注意主语的单复数。
如:What fine weather,isn't it?
4.陈述句部分的主语如是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
如: I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
5.陈述部分用never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little
等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义.
如: He seldom came here,did he?
6.陈述句部分的谓语是used to时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't +主语.
如: He used to go to school at seven, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7.陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
如: You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8.陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语.
如:You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
9.主语是everyone, someone,anyone,no one等不定代词时,用they 指代.
如:Everyone is here,aren't they?(所有的人都来了吗?)
10.主语是everything,something,anthing,nothing时,用it 指代。
11.省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
如: Don't do that again, will you?
12. Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
13.陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
如: There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
二.特殊疑问句
注意疑问词 how many ,how much , how often , how old, how long, what, what time, what day , what colour, which , when , who, whose等疑问词的用法。
三.感叹句
感叹句注意事项:感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了.
顺口溜:感叹句用法很简单, How和What放句前, how与形、副词类连, What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.
当然,what感叹句和how感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时,如果这一名词有形容词修饰,也可用how引导感叹句,但不定冠词a或an 需放在形容词之后。
如:What a large factory = How large a factory it is!
四.祈使句
祈使句所需注意的是,含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don't.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用 Let+not+动词原形或 Don't let+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。
五.强调句
我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住:强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 "who",其余用"that".
句式是:It is (was) 被强调部分+that(who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语, 宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句,只需看去掉It be… that是否还是一个完整的句子。
看下面例题:
It is twenty years ___ Miss Feng returned to China.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C.本题易误选为A(that). 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 "It is...that",只剩下ten years Miss Feng returned to China.不成句。
因此本句不是强调句。
生词表: