酷兔英语

 初三英语名师金牌讲堂 讲座系列(五)
(接上讲)
非谓语动词第三部分:分词(过去分词和现在分词的比较)
由于具有动词的特征,分词不能单独作主语和谓语。
一。分词作表语和定语:
两种形式:ing和ed形式(分别对应现在分词和过去分词)
ing形式表示正在进行、主动发生、令人...
ed形式表示已经完成、被动承受、人感到的...
例①: a falling leaf(一片正在掉落的叶子)
a fallen leaf(一片已经掉落的叶子)
例②: boiling water(沸腾中的水)
boiled water(已经沸腾过的水)
例③: a freezing lake(一个正在结冰的湖)
a frozen lake(一个已经结冰的湖)
interesting, interested
surprising, surprised
类似的结构: exciting, excited
boring, bored
tiring, tired

特殊的情况: pleasant, pleased
satisfactory, satisfied

过去分词的几个典型结构:
(1)be interested to do/ be surprised to do【动词词组】(有兴趣/意外地做某事)
区别于:be interested in sth./ doing sth.;be surprised at sth. 【介词词组】(对…感兴趣/惊讶)
(2)be tired of sth./ be bored with sth.(对…感到厌倦)
例:When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.(当这个小女孩被问及如此一个令人迷惑的问题时,她面带感到惊讶的表情站在那里。)
例:When the football fans heard the good news, they jumped in an excited mood.
(当球迷听到这个好消息时,他们以感到激动的心情跳了起来。)
(3)be pleased/satisfied with(对…感到高兴/满意)
常考结构:far from satisfactory(远不能让人满意)
例:Your answer is far from satisfactory.(你的答案远不能让人满意。)
二。分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语:
(1)作主语补足语:
例①:We heard the passage read in the next classroom.(我们听到这个文章在隔壁班被朗读。)
例②:Half an hour ago, we saw an old man knocked down at the street corner.
(半小时以前,我们看见一个老人在街角被撞倒。)
例③:The teacher had all the students sit down/seated.(老师让全部学生坐下。)
sit & seat的区别:
sit (vi.) 主动坐下;seat (vt.) (=make sb. sit down) [结构:seat sb./ sb be seated] 使某人坐下
练习:
1.I found the little girl missing/lost.(我发现小女孩失踪了。)
2.The teacher raised his voice to make himself heard (老师提高自己的声音使自己被听见。)
词组记诵:make oneself done(使自己被…)
3.老教授解释得很慢使自己被听见。
The professor explained slowly to make himself understood.
4.这个男生从后排站起来为了让别人看见。
The boy student rose/stand up from the back seat to make himself seen.
(2)作主语补足语:
例①:The vase was found broken. (这个花瓶被发现打碎了。)
例②:The car was found stolen. (这辆车被发现失窃了。)
三。分词作状语:
例①:Destroyed in the earthquake, the houses need repairing.
(由于在地震中被摧毁,这些房子需要修理。)
例②:Those students went to the party, dressed in new coats.(这些学生穿着新外套去了派对。)
例③:Surprised at the news, the young man stood there in silence.
(对这个消息感到惊讶,这些年轻人静静地站在那里沉默不语。)
(非谓语动词讲解至此结束)

非谓语动词总复习:翻译练习
1.正在举行的宴会被认为非常精彩。(动名词表示正在进行)
The dinner party/banquet being held now is considered (to be) very wonderful.
词组记诵:① dinner party/banquet 宴会
② be considered (to be)+adj. 被认为是…
2.即将完成的这幅油画已经花了他三年的时间。(不定式表示将来发生)
The oil painting to be completed has already cost/taken him three years.
词组记诵:① oil painting 油画
② cost/take/spend表示“花费”意思时的结构
(cost/take是“物”主语,spend是“人”为主语)
sth./it cost sb. some time/money to do sth.(某事花了某人多少时间/金钱)
sb. spend money/time (on) doing sth. (某人花了多少金钱/时间在某事上)
3.他一边骑着自行车,一边在打电话。(动名词作伴随状语)
He was riding a bicycle, making a telephone call.
While riding a bicycle, he was making a telephone call.
4.当警察到的时候,房子被发现有人闯入了。(过去分词作主语补足语)
When the policeman arrived, the house was found broken into.
词组记诵: break into
1. 闯进,侵入。
break into a talk (插嘴)
2. 突然…起来: break into tears (哇地一声哭起来)
break into [to] pieces (打碎)
生词表:
  • frozen [´frəuzn] 移动到这儿单词发声  freeze 的过去分词   (初中英语单词)
  • surprising [sə´praiziŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声  a.惊人的;意外的   (初中英语单词)
  • satisfactory [,sætis´fæktəri] 移动到这儿单词发声  a.令人满意的   (初中英语单词)
  • stolen [´stəulən] 移动到这儿单词发声  steal 的过去分词   (初中英语单词)
  • painting [´peintiŋ] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.绘画;(油)画;着色   (初中英语单词)
  • policeman [pə´li:smən] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.警察   (初中英语单词)
  • earthquake [´ə:θkweik] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.地震;大变动   (高中英语单词)
  • bicycle [´baisik(ə)l] 移动到这儿单词发声  n.自行车   (高中英语单词)