酷兔英语


THESE HAVEN'T BEEN the best of times for hedge-fund managers. In the past few years, the industry has been hit by embarrassing scandals, fund failures and, in many cases, disappointing returns. But people are still buying. They don't know what else to do.


对于对冲基金经理们来讲,现在可不是什么好光景。在过去的几年间,对冲基金行业频频受到打击令人尴尬的丑闻和基金破产的消息不绝于耳,此外,很多对冲基金的收益也颇令人失望。但是人们仍在不断地买进对冲基金。因为除此之外他们不知道还能投资些什么。



So here's my best move for the inaugural column of My Best Move: It's time to unload hedge funds. Or at least most of them.


所以,我为新专栏"我的最佳抉择"所做的最好一件事是告知各位读者:是时候卖出对冲基金了,至少大部分的对冲基金都该卖。



Hedge-fund managers thrive by selling two products to wealthy investors: hope and exclusivity. The hope is that these magical shamans, with their talk of 'alpha' and 'beta' and 'omega' (which may refer to the watch they intend to buy with your fees) and their battery of mathematics geniuses, have discovered financial alchemy that will make you rich beyond compare. The exclusivity comes from knowing you've got an in to a fund that other, lesser mortals haven't.


对冲基金经理们通过向富有的投资者们兜售两样东西来生财:希望和专享。你既寄希望于这些开口闭口谈论着"阿尔法"、"贝塔"和"欧米茄"等字眼(指的可能是他们想用从你身上赚来的佣金去买的手表)的萨满巫师,能凭着他们的数学天赋,已掌握了能让你富甲天下的金融投资炼金术。与此同时,当你成功认购了某只对冲基金,而那些等闲之辈却没有的时候,"专享"的快感又会油然而生。



The pitch seemingly is working better and better. Hedge-fund assets recently hit a new record of $2.2 trillion, surpassing the levels seen before the crash, according to Hedge Fund Research in Chicago. To put that in context, 15 years ago the total amount invested in hedge funds was estimated to be less than $300 billion. The industry is booming.


这场游戏看起来越来越精彩了。位于芝加哥的研究公司对冲基金研究(Hedge Fund Research)说,对冲基金的资产规模最近创下了历史新高,达到2.2万亿美元,超越了金融危机之前的水平。而据估算,15年前对冲基金的总资产规模不足3,000亿美元。由此可见这个产业的膨胀之迅速。



But investors need to do some basic math. We don't know exactly what the gross returns will be over the next 10 years from the universe of financial assets. But let's assume, for the sake of argument, that they match history. According to New York University's Stern School of Business, the average return over the past 80 years from a benchmark portfolio of 60 percent stocks and 40 percent bonds has been about 8 percent a year. Most hedge-fund managers charge around 2 percent annually to manage the money, plus 20 percent of any profits. So just to match that 8 percent, net of fees, they would have to earn nearly 12 percent a year before fees. In other words, they'd have to beat the market by 50 percent a year, every year, just to match a low-cost portfolio of stocks and bonds.


但是投资者们有必要做些简单的计算。虽然我们并不清楚未来10年全球金融资产的总回报率究竟将是多少,不过为了便于讨论,让我们假设未来10年的回报率与历史纪录吻合。据纽约大学(New York University)斯特恩商学院(Stern School of Business)统计,在过去的80年间,由60%的股票和40%的债券组成的基准资产组合的平均年化收益率约为8%。由于大多数对冲资金经理每年收取约2%的基金管理费用,外加相当于投资收益总额20%的收益提成,因此,为了达到8%的净收益率,对冲基金在扣除各项费用前需赚取差不多12%的收益。换句话说,对冲基金每年必须要跑赢市场50%,才能与低成本的股票及债券资产组合产生的收益相当。



It's a mystery how many re- ally outperform. The standard indices that track the performance of the hedge-fund industry contain a flaw: They only report the figures of the funds that choose to hand in their results. Those that blow up or are too embarrassed don't. So the indexes won't count Amaranth Advisors (which died in 2006), Sowood Capital (2007) or even Bernard Madoff (2008). Yet the indices still look disappointing. The Hedge Fund Research Weighted Composite index has underperformed the benchmark portfolio over the past three and 10 years. Industry veterans say there is some reason to believe performance was better in the early days