酷兔英语


例二:

  The implied inclusion of books among the world's perishable goods is hardly made more agreeable by the reflection that increasing numbers of books these days do seem to be written with just such consumption in mind, and that most book-stores have become little more than glorified news stands for hardcover publications of this sort, which are merchandised for a few weeks -- sometimes only as long as they remain on the best-seller lists -- and are then retired to discount stores (those jumbled graveyards of books, so saddening to the hearts of authors) shortly before dropping out of print altogether. (选自英语高级口译资格证书考试《翻译教程》第二版第180页)


  原译:不言而语地把书籍归入世界易损商品之列,一点不会因为人们想到如今越来越多的书确实是为了这样的消费而写的就令人感到舒心,也一点不会因为人们想到大多数书店已经变成仅仅是出售这类精装书的花里胡俏的书报摊就令人感到舒心,这类书卖不到几个星期--有时候只能维持到仍列入畅销书单这段日子--就会被打入折扣书店里(也就是令作者深感伤心的杂乱不堪的书堆),紧跟着也就完全绝版了。


  改译:现在越来越多的书籍确实似乎是脑子里想着把它们当作应时消费品写出来的。现在大多数书店已经变成只不过是出售这类精装出版物的门面漂亮的书报摊。这类精装出版物只当几个星期的商品,有时只在它们还列在畅销书名单上时当作商品,然后退到折价书店(那些令作者们伤心的拥挤的书籍坟场),很快就彻底绝版了。想到上述情景而把书籍不言而语地把归入世界易腐商品之列很难使人心情舒畅。


  分析:在英语句子中,by the reflection 是主句的方式状语,reflection 后面是两个that 连接的并列的同位语从句。按汉语的思维逻辑,通常是先状语,然后才是句子其他成分,所以翻译时首先考虑把方式状语by the reflection that......and......that先翻,再翻主句的主语和谓语部分。可是方式状语中reflection有两个同位语从句,而且很长。因此先翻两个同位语从句,再翻介词短语状语。具体翻译的时候,注意使用分句法,词性转译法等各种翻译技巧使译文通顺流畅。


  II、比较语言学思考在汉译英中的运用


  1、汉译英时思考的基本单位是汉语的段落


  汉语的思维逻辑定势是螺旋式的,常常有跳跃和迂回。其次,汉语的句子通常较短,说明同一事物常常用数个短句从数个方面和角度展开。但是通常一个段落只有一个主题思想,这一点和英语是一致的。所以汉译英时以段落为单位统筹规划,选择设计能包容所有思想点,既不太大,又不太小,并且符合英语思维逻辑的英语句子结构把原文的意思表达出来


  2、汉译英时要注意选择和设计好的英语句子结构


  如前所述,汉语的逻辑关系主要靠约定俗成的语言排列顺序。好多情况下前言后语的逻辑关系是隐性的,不是靠逻辑关联词连接的。汉译英时,首先要看破这种逻辑关系,并思考英语里可以表达这些逻辑关系的手段,最后确定可以表达这些关系的英语结构把意思翻译出来。落笔书写英语句子时要抓住四个关键:结构、选词、时态、单复数。设计好的英语句子结构最关键,其次是选择合适的词放到句子结构中去,同时还要注意动词时态(因为汉语没有时态),并注意动词形式、代词和名词的单复数必须前后一致(这是因为汉语单复数不太讲究的缘故)。请看翻译实例。


  例一:


  上海航空公司自1985年成立的第一天起,就把保证飞行安全视作自己的生命线。八年


  来,安全飞行无事故。上航的每一位职工为之骄傲,上航的机务人员更是倍受鼓舞。为了让飞机始终处于最佳状态,多少个日日夜夜,他们在停机坪上加班加点,连续奋战,以严谨务实的精神,开拓进取的气概为安全飞行作出了自己的贡献。(摘自《上海航空》1993年第六期总第而十二期第2页)


  原译:Since the inception of Shanghai Airlines in 1985, it is lifeline to guarantee safety flight. SAL's staff and maintenance persons take pride in the record of safety flight to keep for 8 years, and it also inspires them. On apron SAL's maintenance persons day and night have done extra work and have hard worked so as to enable the airplanes to be in best condition. They, with serious as well as steady spirit and endeavor, make greater contributions to safety flight.


  改译: The Shanghai Airlines have been regarding it their lifeline to ensure the safety of flight ever since their establishment in 1985. They have kept the record of zero accident for the past eight years, in which all the staff take great pride, and by which all the mechanical maintenancepersonnel are particularly inspired for it recalls to them the so many days and nights when they had to stay on the apron to do overtime work to keep the airplanes in best conditions. These maintenancepersonnel have made great contributions to the safety of flight through their pioneering spirit and strict perseverant work.


  分析:原译的失误根源在于没有将汉语的段落作为翻译时思考的基本单位,不能看破汉语各思想点之间的逻辑关系并选用合适的英语结构来表达。而是以汉语句子为单位一句句硬译,不管英语的语言逻辑和语法通不通。


关键字:口译考试
生词表:
  • retired [ri´taiəd] 移动到这儿单词发声 a.退休的;通职的 六级词汇
  • discount [´diskaunt] 移动到这儿单词发声 n.&vt.(打)折扣 四级词汇
  • personnel [,pə:sə´nel] 移动到这儿单词发声 n人事(部门);全体人员 六级词汇


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