1. 根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词性写出相应的英语单词，每条短线上写一个字母。该词的首字母已给出。

1）达到 v. a _ _ _ _ _
2）全国性的 a. n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3）尽管，任凭 prep. d _ _ _ _ _ _
4）保证，担保 v. e _ _ _ _ _
5）个人 n. i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6）被动的 a. p _ _ _ _ _ _
7）安装 v. i _ _ _ _ _ _
8）分析 v. a _ _ _ _ _ _
9）称心的，合意的 a. d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10）滑动，滑过 v. s _ _ _ _
11）运输 n. t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12）克服 v. o _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13）无价值的 a. w _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14）追求，从事 v. p _ _ _ _ _
15）剥夺 v. d _ _ _ _ _ _
16）流行，盛行 v. p _ _ _ _ _ _
17）面对，遭遇 v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18）效率高地 ad. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19）使信服，使确信 v. c _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20）经济学 n. e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

2. 根据句子的意思将括号中的词变成适当的形式。

1) If there is no choice, there is no decision __________(make).

2) There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants __________(work) in Britain.

3) Up to that time, the blues __________(be) an essentially black music.

4) Scientists __________(work) on programs to predict where and when an earthquake will occur.

5) Thus, people who need __________(exert) much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure.

6) Time is the easiest thing in the world __________(waste) - the most difficult to control.

7) Once you have your schedule __________(prepare), you must stick with it and follow it faithfully.

8) __________(Win) the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes, an electoral majority.

9) The Democratic and Republican parties are __________(large) and most competitive organizations in the American community.

10) The number of animals used in laboratory tests __________(decline) over the last 20 years.

3. 根据句子的意思选择正确的答案。

1) __________, they couldn t find a solution to the problem.
A. Hard as they tried B. Hard tried as they
C. As hard they tried D. As hard as they tried

2) Find out all you can do about the job you are applying for and the orga

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nization you hope __________.
A. working B. to work C. working in D. to work for

3) Astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the __________ exploding stars believed to be the black hole.
A. single B. individual C. respective D. lonely

4) Two thousand miles __________ over a short vacation.
A. is too far for us to travel B. are too far for us to travel
C. is too far for our traveling D. are too far for our traveling

5) The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern __________.
A. rather with a theme B. rather a theme
C. rather than with a theme D. rather than a theme

6) __________ that we are not living in a traditionalist period nowadays.
A. It goes without saying B. It goes not to say
C. It ll go without saying D. It is not going to say

7) The special use of leisure __________ from individual to individual.
A. alters B. differs C. ranges D. varies

8) __________, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic will be encouraged.
A. The more this is seriously sought B. The more seriously this is sought
C. The more seriously is sought this D. The more is this seriously sought

9) Every worker has a highly developed sense of how much work is expected __________ him.
A. off B. from C. of D. for

10) People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and __________ their bodies work.
A. in a way B. in the way C. about the way D. of the way

4. 下面的句子中每个句子都有四处划有横线并标以A、B、C、D，其中有一处是错误的。指出你认为错误之处。（为了整理方便，我省略了A、B、C、D）

1) Form autumn 1996, Oxford University applicants, as applicants to other universities, will be judged only on their A level results and on their performance at interviews.

2) Electronics did, in fact, make it possible sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce.

3) Robots differ from automatic machines for that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by

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a computer to do another one.

4) Understand what jet lag is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, or your flights will be less stressful.

5) Like in 1980, when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times, the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.

5. 本题共有三段短文，每段短文后面有三至四道题，共计十道小题。每道小题都有四个选择项。找出你认为正确的答案。

Passage 1

Until the twentieth century cigarette smoking was not a widespread habit. The cigarette industry started in the 1870 s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machines. It helped produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly and reduce the price greatly. And consequently more and more people, both men and women, began to smoke cigarettes. Men as a group, however, smoke more than women. But the highest proportion of smokers are found in the age of 24-44, regardless of sex difference.
Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person s smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.
The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and low education groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.
Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenage smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.

1. Which of the following

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has little to do with a person s smoking habit?
A. How much money he earns.
B. How much education he s got.
C. What kind of job he does.
D. How long he has worked.

2. Which is true according to the passage?
A. Well-paid men with good education are more likely to smoke.
B. Women with high family income and good education are more likely to smoke.
C. Generally speaking, well-educated women with higher income smoke very few cigarettes.
D. Well-educated men usually smoke more packs of cigarettes than well-educated women.

3. What does the author mean by saying "Among teenagers the picture is similar" in the last paragraph?
A. Teenagers smoke as many cigarettes as adults.
B. There are as many teenage smokes as adult smokers.
C. Family income and education have much the same effect on forming smoking habits among teenagers.
D. Teenage smokers have a picture that looks similar to that of adult smokers.

Passage 2

If Europeans thought a drought was something that happened only in Africa, they know better now. After four years of below-normal rainfall (in some cases only 10 percent of the annual average), vast areas of France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Britain and Ireland are dry and barren. Water is so low in the canals of northern France that waterway traffic is forbidden except on weekends. Oyster growers in Brittany report a 30 percent drop in production because of the loss of fresh water in local rivers necessary for oyster breeding. In southeastern England, the rolling hills of Kent have turned so brown that officials have been weighing plans to pipe in water from Wales. In Portugal, farmers in the southern Alentejo region have held prayer meeting for rain - so far, in vain.
Governments in drought-plagued countries are takingdrastic measures. Authorities in hard-hit areas of France have banned washing cars and watering lawns. In Britain, water will soon be metered, like gas and electricity. "The English

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have always taken for granted," says Graham Warren, a spokesman of Britain s National Rivers Authority, "now they re putting a price on it." Even a sudden end to the drought would not end the misery in some areas. It will take several years of unusually heavy winter rain, the experts say, just to bring existing water reserves up to their normal levels.

4) What does the author mean by saying "they know better now"?
A. They know more about the causes of the drought.
B. They have a better understanding of the drought in Africa.
C. They have realized that the drought in Europe is the most serious one.
D. They have realized that drought hit not only Africa but also Europe.

5) The drought in Europe has brought about all the following problems except _________.
A. below-normal rainfall
B. a sharp drop in oyster harvest
C. difficult navigation
D. bone-dry hills

6) The British government intends to __________.
A. forbid the car-washing service
B. end the misery caused by the drought
C. increase the price of the water used
D. charge fees for the use of water

7) which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Germany is the only country free from the drought.
B. Water reserves are at their lowest level in years due to the drought.
C. The drought is more serious in Europe than in Africa.
D. Europe will not have heavy rain until several years later.

Passage 3

It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Mem

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ory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed(嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words" - string of alphabetic or numerical characters - ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of person s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and kind of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.

8) Which of the following is true about memory?
A. It helps us perceiver things happening around us every day.
B. It affects our decision making.
C. It affects our past experiences.
D. The past is connected with the present by memory.

9) According to the passage, memory is helpful in one s life in the following aspects except that ______________.
A. it involves the change in one s behavior
B. it keeps information for later use
C. it warns people not to do things repeatedly
D. it makes one remember events that happened in the past

10) Human beings make themselves different from other animals by __________.
A. having the ability to perceive danger
B. having a far greater memory capacity
C. having the ability to recognize

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faces and places on sight
D. having the ability to draw on past experiences

6. 完形填空

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually 1 saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who 2 for advanced degree had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a 3 study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the progress of testing candidates for the doctor s 4 .
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written 5 , where all students are 6 the same questions, was probably not know 7 the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great 8 in population and the development of modern industry. A roomful of 9 for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of worker s at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act 10 machines. There is nothing very human about the examination process.

1) A. consisted in B. consisted of C. consisted with D. composed of
2) A. worked B. working C. were worked D. working
3) A. ordinary B. common C. special D. single
4) A. position B. degree C. education D. place
5) A. examination B. education C. composition D. contest
6) A. tested for B. tested in C. tested on D. tested with
7) A. from B. until C. in D. during
8) A. expansion B. contraction C. increase D. decrease
9) A. teachers B. candidates C. scholars D. managers
10) A. as B. at C. with D. like

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