advance4 vi.①前进,进展②提高,提升,(物价)上涨 n.①前进,进展②预付款,贷款③(价格,工资)增长vt.①预先发放,预先支付 ②提前,使提前发生 ③提出(建议)等adj.预先的,先行的
经典例句Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps. 知识只能循序渐进,不能跃进。
考点提要in advance 预先,提前;in advance of 比......先进,在......之前
advanced adj.先进的,高级的,后期的
经典例句Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it when young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. 学识可使老年时舒适地退隐和有所寄托;但如果年青时不使它扎下根,老年就得不到它的庇护。
记忆方法相关词: elementary初级的;intermediate中级的
联 想 记 忆 卡 片elementary (初级的)→intermediate(中级的)→advanced (高级的)advantage15 n.①优点,有利条件②好处,利益
经典例句Be able to be alone. Lose not the advantage of solitude.要有单独自处的能力,不要放过孤寂的好处。
考点提要take advantage of 利用......,乘......;have (gain,get) an advantage over 比......有利;be of advantage to 有利于(to作介词,后跟名词);to advantage 有利地,使优点突出地
词汇辨析make use of,take advantage of:
make use of !利用",指很好地使用,别无他意;
take advantage of !利用,趁......之机",指为了自己的利益而对某人(事)加以利用,常用作贬义。
记忆方法反义词:disadvantage n.短处,不利之处
adventure n.①冒险、冒险活动,惊险②投机活动
经典例句The gang travelled throughout the country in their van, the Mystery Machine, on the trail of supernatural adventures.
这帮人开着一辆名叫"神秘机器"的大篷货车周游全美国,这是一次追踪超自然现象的探险之旅。
词根记忆ad (增强)+ venture (冒险)
venture n. 冒险,冒险事业v. ①冒险,使......处于危险的环境或情况 ②敢于说,竟敢
经典例句Venture a small fish to catch a great one. 吃小亏占大便宜。
词汇辨析venture,adventure:
两者都有"冒险"之意。
venture既可做名词,又可做动词,多指冒生命危险或重大的经济风险;
adventure只用作名词,且更为常用,所冒之险一般只是刺激性强,并无多大危险,用作复数时,意为"冒险事故"。
词根记忆 vent (来)+ ure?来到〔危险〕 ?冒险
Advertise
advertise vt.①公告,公布②为......做广告 vi.登广告,做广告
经典例句It was unwise of them to advertise their willingness to make concessions at the negotiations.他们宣布愿意在谈判中让步,这是不明智的。
advertisement(ad.) n.①广告,公告②广告活动
记忆方法 ad.是缩写形式。advert n.=advertisement
词根记忆~=ad(to)+vert(to turn)+isement(词尾)
advice n.劝告,忠告,意见
经典例句Advice when most needed is least heeded. 最容易忽视的建议往往是最重要的。
考点提要a piece of advice 一条建议
记忆方法同根词:advise vt.忠告,建议;advisable adj.明智的,可取的
advise18 vt.①劝告,向......提意见②建议③通知
考点提要advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
advise sb.not to do sth.
against doing sth.建议某人不要做某事
advise (inform) sb. of sth.通知某人某事
词汇辨析advise, persuade:
advise 劝说,劝告,强调过程
persuade 说服,劝服,强调结果
词根记忆ad(使)+ vise?使〔别人〕看到?劝告〔别人〕
联 想 记 忆 卡 片advice n. → advise v. 劝告,建议
choice n. → choose v. 选择
device n. →devise v. 设计一句双雕I advised her to take her mother's advice.
我劝她听她妈妈的忠告。
advisable5 adj.明智的,贤明的,可取的
经典例句It wasn't really advisable to start working on three and four until we knew that we actually had something in two.在我们不知道第二部是否真正获得成功之前就开始制作第三和第四部是不明智的.
考点提要It is advisable that + 虚拟语气
affect vt.①影响②打动,感动③(疾病)侵袭
词汇辨析affect,effect,influence:
affect常用作动词,effect常用作名词(意为"影响"):to affect sth.=to have an effect on sth.
effect 作动词时很正式,意为"产生,带来(结果)",这个产生或带来的结果常常是某人所希望的。
influence指通过行动、榜样等对他人产生潜移默化的影响或作用,注重"影响"的结果。
记忆方法形似词:effect n.影响;effort n.努力
词根记忆af(使)+fect(做)→使人做→影响
effect 43 n.①结果②效果,作用vt.产生,招致
经典例句The effect speaks, the tongue needs not.事实胜于雄辩。
考点提要in effect = in fact 实际上;take effect = come into force 实施,生效;to that effect 大意如此
记忆方法fect(作用)→affect v.影响;effect n.影响
词根记忆ef(出)+fect(做)→做出来→生效,效果
affection5 n.①慈爱,爱② (常pl.)爱慕,钟爱
经典例句Women need genuine, personal displays of affection.
女士们需要真诚的、发自内心的感情。
词根记忆affect (感动)+ ion →感动→感情
effective33 adj.①有效的,生效的②有影响的,给人深刻印象的
经典例句Poetry is simply the most beautiful, impressive and widely effective mode of saying things, and hence its importance. 诗歌只不过是最美丽、最感人、最有力的说话方式,这也就是诗歌的价值。
词汇辨析effective,efficient:
effective "有效的",指"能得到所想要的效果",如:a very effective speech;
efficient "有效的","效率高的"或"能够胜任的",如:an efficient lawyer 能干的律师
defect n.缺点,毛病
经典例句There was a defect in the final product.最终成品仍然有缺点。
词汇辨析 defect,fault:
defect 指根本性、本质上的"毛病",但这种毛病往往导致大错;
fault 指一般性的"缺点,过失"。
词根记忆de(坏)+fect(做,制作)→做坏了→缺陷
defectiveadj. (指质量)有缺点的,欠缺的
经典例句The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective.很不幸,这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。
infect v.感染,传染
经典例句One drop of poison infects the whole tun of wine. 一滴之毒,毒染整桶之酒。
词根记忆in(进入)+fect(做)→做进去→传染进去
age48 n.①年龄②时代,年代③ (pl.)很长一段时间
vi.(使)变老,(使)成熟
经典例句At 20 years of age the will reigns; at 30 the wit; at 40 the judgement.20岁我们按意愿做事;30岁我们凭智慧做事;40岁我们靠判断做事。
记忆方法派生词:aged adj.......岁的,年老的;ag(e)ing n.变老的过程;ageless adj.永不凋谢的,永不衰老的;ageism n. 年龄歧视
aged adj. 年老的,陈旧的
经典例句Learning is wealth to the poor, an honour to the rich, an aid to the young, and a support and comfort to the aged. 学问是穷人的财富,是富人的荣誉,是青年的帮助,是老年的支持和安慰。
teenager n. 青少年(13~19岁的少年)
Agency
agency n.①经办,代办②代办处
经典例句The Associated Press news agency quoted Mrs Clinton as saying after the 30-minute speech. 美联社新闻处引用了克林顿夫人在完成30分钟的演讲后所说的话。
考点提要by/through the/one' s agency of经......介绍;通过......
词根记忆ag(代理)+ ency (机构或状态)?代理机构
agent n.代理商,代理人
词根记忆ag (做,代理做)+ ent (表人或物)?代理做的人?代理人
agree v.①同意,赞同②持相同意见,一致
经典例句If you agree to carry the calf, they'll make you carry the cow. 得寸进尺。
考点提要agree to 赞成提案,计划;agree on (对于事物)双方意见一致
agree with 接人,表示"赞成"(别人的意见)
接事物,表示"适应"
agreement n.①同意,一致②协定,协议
经典例句Two sparrows on one ear of corn make an ill agreement. 一穗两雀争,意见乱纷纷
考点提要in agreement with 同意,与......一致
arrive at
come to an agreement 达成协议
记忆方法①同根词:agreeable adj.欣然同意的②反义词:disagreement不同意
词根记忆a + gree (感激,高兴)+ ment; agree "同意"
disagree vi. 有分歧,不同意,不一致
agriculture n.①农业②农艺,农学
经典例句Climate change will play havoc with agriculture and water supplies and will increase diseases.气候变化对于农业和水供应将是一场浩劫,还会增加疾病发生率。
词根记忆agri+ culture(文化,引申为养殖业) ?农业
acre n.英亩
经典例句Times Square - first known as Long Acre Square - has spent the past century under strongly fluctuating fortunes.时代广场最初叫朗埃克广场,它已经在历史的沉浮中走过了一个世纪。
cultivate 5 vt.①耕,耕作②培养,陶冶,结交(朋友)
经典例句 Students' attendance of a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents. 离开父母上寄宿学校将会培养学生的独立性。
记忆方法同根词:cultivationn.耕种,耕作
词根记忆cult(耕种,培养)+ ivate(表动词)
culture n.①文明,文化②教养,修养
经典例句Universities should be centres of culture.大学应该是文化的中心。
词根记忆cult(培养)+ ure ?培养出的东西?人类文化
Air
air n.①空气,大气②(加the)空中,天空③外观,样子vt.(使)通风
经典例句Exercise, temperance, fresh air, and needful rest are the best of all physicians. 锻炼、节制、新鲜空气和必要的休息是最好的医生。
考点提要clear the air 消除误会(或猜疑);in the air 在流行中,悬而未决;off the air 停播;on the air 在播出中;up the air 悬而未决的
aircraft n.飞机,航空器
经典例句The airline has ordered 25 new aircraft.这家航空公司已订购了25架新飞机。
airplane n.飞机,又可写作aeroplane
联 想 记 忆 卡 片jet喷气式飞机;bomber轰炸机;scout 侦察机;fighter战斗机airfield n. 飞机场
airport n.机场,航空站,航空港
airline n.①航空公司②航班
经典例句The airline remains grounded, unable to secure airspace permission from the U.S.-led coalition. 航班仍未起飞,它还没有获得以美国为首的联军批准的空中许可权。
airway n. 航线;航空公司(常用pl.)
经典例句Iraqi Airways had planned to resume flying this Saturday from Baghdad to Amman.伊拉克航空公司原计划从周六起恢复巴格达到约旦安曼的航班。
Allow
allow40 vt.①允许,准许 ②承认,认为 ③允给,让......得到
经典例句The Chinese people love peace, and we will not allow any external force to interfere in the process of our peaceful reunification.中国人民爱好和平,绝不允许任何外部势力干扰中国的和平统一进程。
考点提要allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人干某事;allow for 考虑到
allowance1 n.①津贴,补贴,零用钱②考虑
考点提要make allowance(s)for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅