期末专题辅导--代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和
形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
he him they them
第三人称 she her they them
it it they them
如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。
二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词
所有格。物主代词分
形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表。
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称
形容词性 my your his/its/her our your their
物主代词
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours
theirs物主代词
如: I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here,and
theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
如: That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为"反身代词"。
如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。
如: They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。如:
---- I don't know any of them. --他们,我一个也不认识。
七、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊
疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、
宾语从句和表语从句)
如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
八、关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在
定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为
定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。
如: He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。
1、人称代词的用法
1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:
John waited a while but
eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her作宾语,them作介词宾语)
2、代词的指代问题
1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来,是吗?
2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。
3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。
3、并列人称代词的排列顺序
1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:
第二人称 → 第三人称 → 第一人称
you → he/she; it → I
You, he and I should return on time.
2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:
第一人称 → 第二人称 → 第三人称
we → you → they
注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称, 如:I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。
4、物主代词
1)名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语,例如:
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
5、双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重
所有格。
公式为:
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如:
a friend of mine a friend of my father's uncle's
each brother of his
6、反身代词
1)列表
I you you she he
myself yourself yourselves herself himself
we they it one
ourselves themselves itself oneself
2)作宾语
a. We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
3)作表语; 同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
7、指示代词
1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作
限定词又可作代词,例如:
单数 复数
限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代词: This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
说明1:
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。( that作主语,指人)
(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)
(错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)
(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)
10、疑问代词
1)疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:
指 人: who, whom, whose
指 物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
2)疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作
限定词。
说明1:
whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)
Who(m) are you
taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)
【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)
一、用括号中的适当形式填空
1. Are these ________(you)pencils?
Yes, they are ________(our).
2. -Whose is this pencil?
-It's ________(I).
3. I love ________(they)very much.
4. She is________(I)classmate.
5. Miss Li often looks after________(she)brother.
6. -Are these ________(they)bags ?
-No, they aren't ______(their). They are __ (we).
二、选择
1. If you drove more carefully, your uncle would be all right and you wouldn't have hurt_____.
A. himself B. yourself C. itself D. yourselves
2. The schools in Shanghai are not different from________.
A. those in Beijing B. that of Beijing
C. Beijng D. beijing's students
3. All parents love their children, and my parents love_______, too.
A. ours B.
theirs C. them D. his
4. "When shall we meet next time?" "__________ day is OK."
A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Any
5. There are quite a few old books on the shelf , but______ of them is useful to him.
A. both B. all C. none D. any
6. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and_______ is in China.
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
7. The pen is_______. She wrote ________name with it______.
A. hers; her; herself B. her; hers; her
C. her; hers; herself D. her; herself; hers
8. That
bridge is almost broken. _______is not safe to cross the
bridge.
A. It B. She C. This D. That
9. These are_____ cups. ______ are over there.
A. our; Yours B. yours; Mine C. his; Our D. their; Your
10. The old men has_______ friends. So he often feels lonely.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
11. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
-_____,thanks. I'd like just a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
12. -Who has a dictionary, children?
-I have______.
A. it B. this C. one D. so
13. ________are in the same class.
A. Her and me B. She and l C. Me and her D. l and she
14. ______of them has a new dictionary
A. Every B. Each C. All D. Both
15. His parents_______ English teachers.
A. both are B. are both C. all are D. are all
【试题答案】
一、1. your ours 2. mine 3. them 4. my 5. her 6. their,
theirs, ours
二、1-5 BABDD 6-10 DAAAA 11-15 BCBBB
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