教学目标

　　一、教学目标与要求

　　　　本单元的教学目标是使学生能熟练掌握一般过去时没过去进行时的用法。学习并运用一些表示禁止和警告的用语。围绕火灾这一日常生活中与人民生命财产密切相关的题材，使学生了解火灾的危害。

　　二、教学重点与难点

　　　　l．重点词汇 might; case; collect; trap; control; escape; rescue; close; (get) close to; wonder; light (v. ); look out; in that case; belong to; put out

　　　　2．重要句型 1) What a lot of smoke! 2) Don't go to your room to collect your things or you may be trapped by the fire.

　　　　3．语法复习动词一般过去时并掌握过去进时的用法。

　　　　4．日常交际用语禁止和警告l) Look out 12) Be careful! 3) Take 　care! 4) Never try to carry the pan out of the kitchen. 5) Don't take the lift, as the lift may become trapped between floors. Use the stairs.

　　教学建议

　　课文分析

　　　　这是一篇记叙文，记述了圣保罗大火的起因、火灾所造成的损失、营救工作艰难的原因等。本文主题突出，首尾呼应，结构如下：

　　　　Part 1 (Paragraph 1) On Feb. 4th, 1974, a fire destroyed Sao Paulo's newest building, the Capital Building, and killed 220 people.

　　　　Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-5) The details of the fire

　　　　(Paragraph 2) The fire broke out on the 11th floor by an electrical fire.

　　　　(Paragraph 3) More than 300 people were trapped above the I fire.

　　　　(Paragraph 4) About 70 people escaped from the fire in the helicopters.

　　　　(Paragraph 5) The firefighters couldn't get close to the people trapped in the fire. Part 3 (Paragraph 6) The fire lasted about 4 hours.

　　　　本文围绕 when, where, what, why, how long 等问题，讲述了圣保罗大火的来龙去脉，主要内容如下：

　　　　On February the 4th, 1974, a big fire broke out, which destroyed the newest building in Sao Paulo and the cars, which belonged to the office workers in that building.

　　　　Perhaps the fire was caused by an electrical fire of an office on the 11th floor. The office workers tried to put out the fire but they couldn't control it.

　　　　The people below escaped into the street but 300 people above the 11th floor were trapped. There were no fire escapes in the building. Some people climbed to the flat roof of the building. But the smoke was too thick for the helicopters to rescue them. In the street there were so many people that the firefighters couldn't get close to the building and the ladders were not long enough to reach people. So the fire lasted four hours and 220 people were killed in the fire.

　　听力分析

　　Step1.Preparation for listening.

　　　　在未听之前，教师让学生看P122页的练习

　　Setp2.Play the tape and do exercises

　　　　At first, play the tape until the Ss could understand it. Then play again do some exercises.每题先放一遍，提问学生大概的内容。然后再放两遍，让学生做练习。

　　Setp3.Repeat the Dialogue

　　　　Let the Ss completely and repeat some of the paragraphs让学生能够复述其中的一段,如：

　　　　I went to see if it was a real fire. There were flames coming out of the ceiling. I quickly went back to my desk to collect my bag, which had in it my house keys, my car keys, and quite a lot of money, as I had been to the bank earlier that morning. It was a Friday, you see, and we were going away for the weekend.

　　写作分析

　　Step I Understand the meaning of the words

　　　　firewood and bedclothes, bedclothes = sheets, blankets and so on for a bed (not the clothes a person wears in bed).

　　Step II Tell the Ss to read all the sentences first, then to number them in the correct order.

　　Answers: 161012748113592

　　Step III Get the Ss to write a short passage

　　　　using conjunctions or adverbs when necessary. Here is a model:

　　　　Last year we went to stay in a small house in the country. When we arrived at the house, it was raining. The house was cold and the bedclothes were not dry. We collected some firewood from the wood and lit a large fire. Then /Next we put the bedclothes in front of the fire to dry them. After that we went into the village to buy some food from the village shop. As we were walking home, we saw smoke coming over the hill. We thought that the smoke was coming from the chimney. However when we got near the house, we saw that the smoke was coming from a window. The bedclothes that were drying in front of the fire had caught fire. Luckily the floor was made of stone, so the house hadn't burnt down. Sadly all the bedclothes had been destroyed in the fire.

　　　　Get the Ss to check their answers in pairs, then check with the whole class.

　　重点难点讲解

　　辨析catch fire, be on fire, set fire to, get burnt

　　　　catch fire"着火"，着重强调动作。

　　　　be on fire"烧着"，着重强调状态。

　　　　set fire to "点燃"，"放火烧"，着重强调动作。也用set...on fire来表达这一意义。

　　　　get burnt 指"烧伤"，"烧着"。强调结果。

　　　　Don't let your dress catch fire. 别把衣服烧着了。

　　　　The house is on fire. 房子着火了。

　　　　The enemy set fire to our buildings. == The enemy set our buildings on fire. 敌人放火烧了我们的房子。

　　　　Don't play with fire; you may get burnt. 别玩火，你会烧伤的。

　　辨析be out, put out, go out

　　　　三者都可以表示火或灯的"熄灭"。

　　　　be out表示"熄灭"的状态，还可以表示"在外面"，"不在家"。

　　　　go out指"灯，火"熄灭，是不及物动词短语，主语是灯或火等。也有"出去"之意，强调动作。

　　　　put out指"熄灭"灯火，是及物动词短语，其宾语只能是表示灯火一类的词。例子如下：

　　　　The light in the room is out. 房间里的灯熄了。

　　　　His son is out in America. 他的儿子远在美国。

　　　　One of the plane's engines went out. 飞机的一个发动机灭火了。

　　　　She put the fire out and went to bed. 她熄灭炉火后上床。

　　辨析floor，storey

　　相同点：这二个词都有表示楼层的含意。

　　不

　　同

　　点

　　如果指第几层时，则用floor,同时指每一层室内行走的地面，on the floor 由此而来。floor 英美的表达也不同

　　first

　　floor

　　second

　　floor

　　2楼

　　当表示楼房的高度，说房子有几层时用storey。storey表示上下两层之间的空间。

　　ground

　　floor

　　first

　　floor

　　1楼

　　英国

　　美国

　　中国

　　例子如下：

　　　　This is a ten-storey building =这栋楼有十层（高）。

　　　　This is a ten-storeyed building. /This is a building of ten storeys./The building is ten storeys high.

　　　　I live on the first floor.(美) I live on the ground floor.(英)我住在一楼。

　　辨析collect，gather

　　　　gather把分散的东西集中在一个地方，例如收集庄稼，树叶，花草等。

　　　　collect按计划或为了某个特定的目的把东西经过仔细挑选后收集起来。

　　　　She gathered the fallen leaves.她把落叶扫拢。

　　　　He collected facts to prove the theory.他收集资料以证明理论。

　　注意：表示一般意义的"收集；聚集"时，collect 可用来代替gather,但gather不能代替collect以表示特殊意义。

　　　　I enjoy collecting stamps.我喜欢集邮。（这里的collect 不能用gather来代替。）

　　　　People gathered/collected to watch the fight.(这里的两个词可互换。)

　　辨析catch fire与be on fire.

　　　　catch fire强调动作，属于非延续性动词。

　　　　be on fire强调状态，属延续性动词。

　　　　A house caught fire last night.

　　　　The house has been on fire for an hour. 此句中的"has been on fire"不可改为"has caught fire".

　　辨析get close to与be close to

　　　　get close to强调"靠近"这个动作。

　　　　be close to强调"离......近的"这一状态。

　　　　Don't get close to the fire. It's dangerous!

　　　　Our school is close to the railway station.

　　辨析save , rescue

　　　　save指"救、挽救"，普通而含义广泛。指通过救援不但使受害者/物能脱离危险或祸患，而且使其能保存下来，有时可与rescue通用。

　　　　rescue(=save...from harm or danger)常与from搭配，意为"救、营救、挽救"，多指在直接的危险或祸患中给予迅速和有效的救援，一般指救人；它还有从监禁中救出的意思。

　　　　The doctor finally saved the boy's life. 医生终于救活了这个孩子。

　　　　The firemen rescued five children from the burning house.

　　　　消防队员从燃烧的房子里救出了5个小孩。

　　难句分析：

　　　　1．The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building.这场大火还烧毁了大楼里工作人员的汽车。

　　　　1）这是个复合句。其主句为：The fire also destroyed cars；其后有两个定语从句：①which belonged to people用来修饰cars ②who worked in the building 用来修饰people。

　　　　2）句中的"belong to"是个常用短语。

　　　　它可表示是"是......的财产（属于）/是......的组成部分（属于）/是......的成员（属于）"。

　　例如：Who does this radio set belong to? 这台收音机是谁的?

　　　　belong to不可用于被动语态，比如：那本字典是我的。

　　　　要说成：That dictionary belongs to me. 而不能说成：That dictionary is belonged to me.

　　　　belong还可用于除to外的其他介词或副词前面，表示"某人/某物处在适当的位置；在这个地方正合适/有用"。例如：

　　　　That chair belongs in the other room.那把椅子应当摆在另 一间房里 。

　　　　belong to的误区,不能用于进行时。例如：

　　　　误：I am belonging to No. 1 Middle School now.

　　　　正：I belong to No, I Middle School now.

　　　　不能用于被动结构。例如：

　　　　误：The house is belonged to his uncle.

　　　　正：The house belongs to his uncle.

　　　　正：The house is owned by his uncle.

　　　　正：The house is his uncle's

　　　　belong to后接代词作宾语时，要用宾格；后接名词时，不能用所有格。例如：

　　　　误：The book belongs to my/mine.

　　　　正：The book belongs to me.

　　　　误：This pair of trousers belongs to Lucy's

　　　　正：This pair of trousers belongs to Lucy.

　　　　2．You might get burnt and you might drop the pan of burning oil.你可能被烧伤，也可能扔掉烧着油的锅。

　　分析：

　　　　1）句中的get burnt是被动语态的另一种表达方式，即：get+pp.过去分词。被动语态的通常表达方式为：be+pp.如：

　　　　My glasses got broken when I was playing basketball.打篮球，我的眼镜给摔破了。

　　　　说明：类似的短语有：get drunk(喝醉酒)get laughed at（被嘲笑）get punished（受惩罚）

　　　　2）本句中的might是情态动词，是may的过去式，但它在本句中并不表示过去，而表示一种可能性。如：

　　　　He is not here yet, He might /may be ill.他还没有来，他可能病了。

　　　　上面的例句中，如果用may,则可能性比might要大。

　　　　The pan is on fire. In that case, you wouldn't have a pan on fire.

　　　　1) "(be)on fire" 意为"着火，失火"。例如：

　　　　Look! The house is on fire.

　　　　The shop on fire belongs to Mr Smith.

　　　　[归纳]本课中名词fire同动词和介词的搭配有：be trapped by / above the fire（被火围困<在上面>）；be killed / burnt in the fire(被火烧死); escape from the fire（逃离火境）；set...on fire（使......烧烧<着火>）。

　　　　[联想]名词fire与动词的搭配还有：catch fire（着火）；control fire（控制火势）；discover a fire（发现火情）；light a fire（点火）；start a fire / make a fire（生火）；put out a fire （灭火）；watch the fire（观火）。

　　　　[联想]名词fire同另一名词搭配构成的复合名词有：fire alarm（火警警报）；fire escape（<火警时用的>太平梯/安全梯）；fire exit（<火警时用的>出口/太平门）；firefighter（消防队员<合成或分写都可，但一般合写>）。

　　　　2)In that /this case意为"在这种/那种情况下"。

　　　　It may snow tomorrow. In that case, you'll have to stay here.

　　过去时和过去进行时

　　　　(1)过去时表示在过去某一具体时刻/时间完成或结束的动作。它可用于以下场合：

　　有时间状语的过去动作。

　　I bought the watch in Switzerland in 1988.我1988年在瑞士买了这块表。

　　询问已做动作或已发生事件的时间的问句。

　　When did you meet him?你是什么时间遇见他的?

　　尽管没有具体时间，句子叙述的是过去某一时刻发生的动作。

　　I didn't know you were here.我刚才不知道你己到了这儿。

　　　　(2)过去进行时则表示所说的事情在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行，而没有结束。它可用于以下情况：

　　在无时间状语的情况下，它表示逐渐的发展或事件发生的背景。

　　The wind was rising.风越刮越大。

　　与某一具体时间/刻连用，它表示某一动作在那个时刻以前已开始，并可能要延续到那一时刻以后。

　　I was watching TV (at) this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候，我正在看电视。

　　过去进行时经常与一般过去时配合使用，这时，过去进行时通常作为一般过去时的时间背景。

　　We were all sleeping soundly when the earthquake happened. 地震发生时，我们都睡得正香。

　　如果两件事都同时在进行，也可都用过去进行时来表示。

　　Some were carrying water while others were watering trees.有的在提水，有的在浇树。

　　过去进行时与always连用，用来表示一个不断重复的过去动作，表达说话人赞赏或厌恶的情感。

　　He was always ringing me up. 他老是给我打电话。

　　正如现在进行时可以表示一个明确的将来计划一样，过去进行时也可以表示这种发生在过去的将来。

　　Mr. Smith was busy packing, because he was leaving for London that night.

　　史密斯先生正忙着收拾行李，因为那天晚上他要动身去伦敦。

　　注意：同样一件过去的事情，用以上两种不同的时态表过没内涵：过去时强调动作的结束；而过去进行时，则强调动作的延续性。例如：

　　　　I cleaned the house this morning.上午我打扫了房间。

　　　　I was cleaning the house this morning.上午我一直在打扫房间。

　　练习：

　　　　(1) Old Mc Donald gave up smoking for a while, but soon______ to his old ways.

　　　　A. returned 　　B. returns　　C. was returning 　　D. had returned

　　　　(2) The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it.

　　　　A. was traveling 　　B. traveled

　　 　　C. had been traveling 　　D. was to travel

　　　　(3) Lisa ______ a book about China last year, but I don't know whether she has finished it.

　　　　A. wrote 　　B. has written　　C. was writing 　　D. had written

　　答案与分析

　　　　【解析】（1）表示过去终止的动作；（2）when she saw it 表示"时间点"，指过去进行的动作；（3）but I don't know whether she has finished it. 暗示"过去的动作并未结束"。答案为：(1) A; (2) A: (3)C。

　　　　【说明】一般过去时和过去进行时的区别是考试的热点。简单归纳起来，应记住两点：（1）一般过去时表示一个过去已完成的动作，强调动作的结束；（2）过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，强调动作的延续。应用时，注意找到对照时间，分辨是指时间还是终止时间。

　　教学设计方案Lesson 61

　　Step I Lead in

　　　　Show the picture, talk about the following the questions?

　　　　1） What might happen if the oil gets too hot？

　　　　2）What would you do if the pan of oil catches fire？

　　Step II Listening

　　　　Play the tape of the dialogue for the Ss to listen and follow. Go through the dialogue briefly and make sure the Ss understand it. After that, answer the following question.

　　　　1). What did Jenny ask Yang Pei to do first?

　　　　2) .Did Yang Pei carry the pan out of the kitchen at once?

　　Key: 1) Jenny asked Yang Pei to turn off the gas and cover the pan. 2) No, she didn't.

　　Step III Reading

　　　　Ask the Ss to read Part 2 to find out what to do if they hear the fire alarm. Check comprehension by asking Yes/ No questions:

　　　　1.Should I stay in my room? ( No)

　　　　2.Should I leave the building at once? (Yes )

　　　　3.Should I take my room key? (Yes )

　　　　4.Should I take the lift? ( No )

　　Step IV Play a role

　　　　The T let the Ss practise the dialogue in pairs a few minutes, The T can write some main sentences on the Bb, for example:

　　　　1) cooking in the kitchen; 2) the pan of oil; 3) catch fire) 4) turn off the gas; 5) cover the pan; 6) the fire (be) out

　　　　Then the T asks one pair to act the scene in front of the class.

　　Step V Language focus

　　　　1.Take care: be careful.

　　　　2. Is the fire out? If there are no flames, the fire is out.

　　　　3. You might...burning oil: If you carried the pan out of the kitchen, you might get burnt by the fire and you might drop the pan. Might here indicates possibility.

　　Step VI Examination

　　Complete the dialogues with suitable words.

　　1.A: Be _______! The pan is very ______. You might get _______.

　　　B: Thanks, Mum. But what _______I do?

　　　A: You'd ______turn off the gas first. Leave the pan there _______it gets cooler.

　　2. A: Look ________! Your coat has ______fire.

　　　B: Oh dear!

　　　A: Take it _______and put it ________the water.

　　3. A: Take__________! You ________throw the cigarette end(烟头) here. Look at those newspapers .They might _________fire.

　　　B: Oh, I'm terribly ________.

　　4. A: _________careful! Your clothes _______get caught in that machine..

　　　B: Thank you. I didn't know I was so close ________it.

　　Step VII Homework

　　　　1.Finish off the Workbook exercises.

　　　　2.Preparation the Lesson 62.