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哈佛商学院的学生不太担心就业前景

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The U.S. may be in an unemploymentcrisis, but the students at Harvard Business School aren't too worried about their job prospects, says the school's dean, Nitin Nohria.


美国也许陷入了失业危机，但哈佛商学院(Harvard Business School)院长尼廷•诺里亚(Nitin Nohria)说，哈佛商学院的学生并不太担心就业前景。



About 95% of last year's graduating class had job offers by early September, according to the school. Still, Mr. Nohria says keeping students at the nation's top business school humble can sometimes be a challenge, one he struggled with himself when he assumed his role last year.


哈佛商学院数据显示，去年约有95%的毕业生在9月初之前获得了聘任通知。不过诺里亚说，让哈佛商学院这座美国顶尖商学院的学生保持谦虚有时颇具挑战，他自己去年担任院长后也体会到，做到这一点并非易事。



When you take the reins as a leader, you 'start suddenly believing that your words are more important than everybody else's,' says the 50-year-old dean, who studiedleadership for many years as a professor of business administration at Harvard Business School.


现年50岁的诺里亚表示，当你登上领导宝座，你会"突然开始认为你的话比其他所有人的都更重要。"作为哈佛商学院的工商管理学教授，诺里亚对领导力问题做过多年研究。



Mr. Nohria made ethics a centerpiece of Harvard's recent curriculum overhaul, which started last month. The new classes also emphasize hands-on training in entrepreneurship and leadership.


诺里亚把伦理作为哈佛商学院近期课程改革的中心。课程改革是从上个月开始进行的。新课程还强调通过实践来锻炼创业和领导能力。



At lunch with a group of Wall Street Journal reporters and editors, Mr. Nohria discussed changes in business education and how to teach character-building. Edited excerpts:


诺里亚在与《华尔街日报》(Wall Street Journal)部分记者和编辑共进午餐时谈及商学院教育的变化以及怎样进行品格培养。以下是经过编辑的谈话节选：



WSJ: You've been dean for just over a year. What are some of the biggest surprises or challenges you've had?


《华尔街日报》：你做院长刚一年多，在此期间你遇到的最大意外或者挑战有哪些？



Mr. Nohria: This is an important inflection point. We're moving from an American century in business to a global century in business. When I came to Harvard Business School in the 1980s, the vast majority of people were interested in studying America, because this is where they hoped to have job opportunities. As late as 1988, when I joined, less than 5% of our case [studies] were outside of the United States. Last year more than a third of our cases were global.


诺里亚：这是一个重要的转折点。在商业领域，我们正走出"美国世纪"，进入"全球世纪"。我20世纪80年代来到哈佛商学院的时候，绝大多数人感兴趣的都是研究美国，因为他们希望在美国获得工作机会。一直到1988年我加入哈佛商学院时，美国以外的案例在我们案例研究中所占比例还不到5%。而去年有超过三分之一的案例为全球性案例。



WSJ: Coming to school is kind of an optimistic moment in someone's life. [Yet the economic mood is depressed right now.] What is the day-to-day mood about your hallways?


《华尔街日报》：上学算是人生中一段乐观的时光。（但当前经济不景气。）哈佛商学院学生平常的心态是什么样的？



Mr. Nohria: There's no doubt some anxiety about the state of growth in the global economy, but that aggregate picture masks terribly important differences. Even at a time in the United States when we worry about 20 million jobs being needed, there are three million jobs unfilled.


诺里亚：肯定有一些围绕全球经济增长形势的不安情绪，但整体状况掩盖了极其重要的个体差异。即便在我们担心美国缺少2,000万份工作的当下，也还有300万个岗位是空缺的。



Last year, our students graduated and [nearly] everybody has a job. The labor market for them, which used to only be the United States, has now become global.


去年我们的学生毕业时（几乎）人人都找到了工作。他们现在所面对的就业市场已经不再仅限于美国，而是全球性的。



WSJ: Entrepreneurship and innovation are great buzzwords. How do you teach [them]?


《华尔街日报》：创业和创新是大热的概念。你怎么教授这些内容？



Mr. Nohria: One of the most significant changes that we have made in our M.B.A. curriculum this year is a platform we're calling the FIELD [field immersion experiences for leadership development] method. Students will be required to develop a micro-business. We're going to give them $3,000, and they have to launch a product or service.


诺里亚：今年我们对MBA课程做的最大调整之一是引入了一个叫"FIELD方法"（领导力塑造实地浸入式体验）的平台。我们将要求学生创建一个小企业。我们会给他们3,000美元，他们必须推出一种产品或者服务。



Helping our students go from just knowing about things to learning how to translate that knowing into doing, and through the doing of things learn what it means to be an entrepreneur or be a leader, this is where we're trying to push management education.


我们要帮助学生不再仅仅了解知识，而是学会怎样把知识转化为实践，他们要通过实践来认识作为企业家或领导者究竟意味着什么，这就是我们所做的管理学教育改革尝试。



WSJ: How did you absorb the lessons of the crash into your curriculum? Is there more you could have done before 2008?


《华尔街日报》：哈佛商学院是怎样将金融危机相关教训揉入课程中的？假如回到2008年以前，是不是还可以多做些什么？



Mr. Nohria: I don't think that we could be found wanting in terms of the class sessions that we devote to teaching people about ethics. After Enron, we were the first business school to introduce a required course that focused on corporate accountability. But there seems to be a big difference between people's understanding of their responsibilities as business leaders and their capacity to live up to those when faced with pressure or temptation.


诺里亚：我认为我们伦理教育方面的课是足够的。安然(Enron)事件发生后，我们开设了一门主要讨论企业问责制的必修课，开了商学院之先河。不过，人们对企业领导者责任的理解是一回事，在面对压力或诱惑时能否履行责任似乎又是一回事。



Cultivating that moral humility where you say, 'Yes, under some circumstances your moral compass might fail you,' I think we need to understand better how to help students recognize those moments and know how to resist.


确实，有些情况下你的道德准绳也许会失灵，要培养谦逊的品德，我认为我们应该更好地了解怎样帮助学生辨别这些情况，并知道怎样抗拒。



WSJ: The things people end up doing when they're tempted seem to be a failure of moral compass. But by the time you're in business school, [is it] a little late to be teaching those things?


《华尔街日报》：人们受到诱惑时的所作所为似乎意味着道德准绳的失灵。但到商学院才教这些东西是不是有点晚？



Mr. Nohria: The general belief about moral and character development [is] this is something that we learn at home, as adolescents. I actually think the formation of character is a lifelong process.


诺里亚：一般认为道德和品质是青少年时期在家庭里养成的。其实我认为品质的养成是贯穿人一生的。



Abraham Lincoln said that people think that the real test of a person's character is how they deal with adversity. A much better measure of a person's character is to give them power. I've been more often disappointed with how people's character is revealed when they've been given power. I have learned that in a very modest ways even as having become dean. How I inhabit this new sense of self and learn to stay grounded is going to be as important to the formation of my character as anything I've learned from my parents.


亚伯拉罕•林肯(Abraham Lincoln)说，如何应对逆境是对个人品质的真正考验。考验一个人的品质有个更好的方法，那就是给他权力。人们掌权后所暴露出的品性通常更让我失望。担任院长的经历已经让我对此略有体会。适应新的自我，学会保持谦虚在我品质养成过程中的重要性绝不亚于我从父母那儿学到的东西。



MELISSA KORN


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