paying off former crimes committed against the LIBERTIES of one

people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the LIVES



of another.*

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for



redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been

answered only by repeated injuries.



A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may

define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a [ ] [free] people *who



mean to be free. Future ages will scarcely believe that the

hardiness of one man adventured, within the short compass of twelve



years only, to lay a foundation so broad & so undisguised for tyranny

over a people fostered & fixed in principles of freedom.*



Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren.

We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their



legislature to extend *a* [an unwarrantable] jurisdiction over *these

our states* [us]. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our



emigration & settlement here, *no one of which could warrant so

strange a pretension: that these were effected at the expense of our



own blood & treasure, unassisted by the wealth or the strength of

Great Britain: that in constituting indeed our several forms of



government, we had adopted one common king, thereby laying a

foundation for perpetualleague & amity with them: but that



submission to their parliament was no part of our constitution, nor

ever in idea, if history may be credited: and*, we [ ] [have]



appealed to their native justice and magnanimity *as well as to* [and

we have conjured them by] the ties of our common kindred to disavow



these usurpations which *were likely to* [would inevitably] interrupt

our connection and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the



voice of justice & of consanguinity, *and when occasions have been

given them, by the regular course of their laws, of removing from



their councils the disturbers of our harmony, they have, by their

free election, re-established them in power. At this very time too



they are permitting their chief magistrate to send over not only

soldiers of our common blood, but Scotch & foreign mercenaries to



invade & destroy us. These facts have given the last stab to

agonizing affection, and manly spirit bids us to renounce forever



these unfeeling brethren. We must [We must therefore] endeavor to

forget our former love for them, and hold them as we hold the rest of



mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends. We might have been a free

and a great people together; but a communication of grandeur & of



freedom it seems is below their dignity. Be it so, since they will

have it. The road to happiness & to glory is open to us too. We



will tread it apart from them, and* acquiesce in the necessity which

denounces our *eternal* separation [ ] [and hold them as we hold the



rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.]!

We therefore the representatives We therefore the



representatives

of the United States of of the United States of



America in General Congress America in General Congress

assembled do in the name & assembled, appealing to the



by authority of the good supreme judge of the world

people of these *states reject for the rectitude of our



& renounce all allegiance & intentions, do in the name, & by

subjection to the kings of the authority of the good



Great Britain & all others people of these colonies,

who may hereafter claim by, solemnly publish & declare that



through or under them: we these united colonies are &

utterly dissolve all political* of right ought to be free &



*connection which may independent states; that they

heretofore have subsisted are absolved from all allegiance



between us & the people or to the British crown,

parliament of Great Britain: and that all political



& finally we do assert & connection between them & the

• considerable [kən´sidərəbəl] a.重要的；值得重视 (初中英语单词)


• dissolve [di´zɔlv] v.(使)溶解；解除 (初中英语单词)


• pursuit [pə´sju:t] n.追踪；追击；事务 (初中英语单词)


• whenever [wen´evə] conj.&ad.无论何时 (初中英语单词)


• abolish [ə´bɔliʃ] vt.废除；废止；取消 (初中英语单词)


• institute [´institju:t] n.学院 vt.建立；设置 (初中英语单词)


• accordingly [ə´kɔ:diŋli] ad.因此；从而；依照 (初中英语单词)


• establishment [i´stæbliʃmənt] n.建(成)立；研究所 (初中英语单词)


• absolute [´æbsəlu:t] a.绝对的 n.绝对 (初中英语单词)


• pledge [pledʒ] n.信物；誓约vt.使发誓 (初中英语单词)


• meantime [´mi:ntaim] n.&ad.其间；同时 (初中英语单词)


• encourage [in´kʌridʒ] vt.鼓励；怂勇；促进 (初中英语单词)


• administration [əd,minis´treiʃən] n.管理(事务等)；经营 (初中英语单词)


• amount [ə´maunt] n.总数；数量 v.合计 (初中英语单词)


• multitude [´mʌltitju:d] n.大群(批)；众多 (初中英语单词)


• hither [´hiðə] ad.到此处 (初中英语单词)


• standing [´stændiŋ] n.持续 a.直立的 (初中英语单词)


• legislation [,ledʒis´leiʃən] n.立法；法规 (初中英语单词)


• punishment [´pʌniʃmənt] n.罚，刑罚 (初中英语单词)


• commit [kə´mit] vt.犯(罪)；把…判处 (初中英语单词)


• system [´sistəm] n.系统，体系，制度 (初中英语单词)


• protection [prə´tekʃən] n.警戒；护照；通行证 (初中英语单词)


• captive [´kæptiv] n.俘虏；捕获物 (初中英语单词)


• domestic [də´mestik] a.家庭的；本国的 (初中英语单词)


• sacred [´seikrid] a.神圣的；庄严的 (初中英语单词)


• slavery [´sleivəri] n.奴隶制；奴役 (初中英语单词)


• miserable [´mizərəbəl] a.悲惨的；可怜的 (初中英语单词)


• transportation [,trænspɔ:´teiʃən] n.运输；运送；运费 (初中英语单词)


• thither [´ðiðə] ad.到那里 a.那边的 (初中英语单词)


• humble [´hʌmbəl] a.谦卑的 vt.贬抑 (初中英语单词)


• prince [´prins] n.王子；亲王；君主 (初中英语单词)


• character [´kæriktə] n.特性；性质；人物；字 (初中英语单词)


• compass [´kʌmpəs] n.指南针；圆规 (初中英语单词)


• foundation [faun´deiʃən] n.建立；基金；地基 (初中英语单词)


• wealth [welθ] n.财富，财产 (初中英语单词)


• thereby [´ðeəbai] ad.因此，由此 (初中英语单词)


• league [li:g] n.同盟；社团 (初中英语单词)


• parliament [´pɑ:ləmənt] n.议(国)会 (初中英语单词)


• constitution [,kɔnsti´tju:ʃən] n.宪法；体格；体质 (初中英语单词)


• connection [kə´nekʃən] n.联系；关系；联运 (初中英语单词)


• harmony [´hɑ:məni] n.调合，协调，和谐 (初中英语单词)


• election [i´lekʃən] n.选举；选择 (初中英语单词)


• affection [ə´fekʃən] n.友爱；慈爱 (初中英语单词)


• communication [kə,mju:ni´keiʃən] n.通信；通讯联系 (初中英语单词)


• dignity [´digniti] n.尊严，尊贵；高官显贵 (初中英语单词)


• eternal [i´tə:nəl] a.永远的；永恒的 (初中英语单词)


• therefore [´ðeəfɔ:] ad.&conj.因此；所以 (初中英语单词)


• supreme [su:´pri:m, sju:-] a.最高的，无上的 (初中英语单词)


• assert [ə´sə:t] vt.认定；维护；坚持 (初中英语单词)


• declaration [,deklə´reiʃən] n.宣布；宣言；申报 (高中英语单词)


• reject [ri´dʒekt] vt.拒绝；抵制；否决 (高中英语单词)


• margin [´mɑ:dʒin] n.边缘；空白；余地 (高中英语单词)


• decent [´di:sənt] a.体面的，正派的 (高中英语单词)


• dictate [dik´teit] v.口授；指示，命令 (高中英语单词)


• distinguished [di´stiŋgwiʃt] a.卓越的，著名的 (高中英语单词)


• solitary [´sɔlitəri] a.独居的；孤独的 (高中英语单词)


• tyranny [´tirəni] n.暴政；专制政治 (高中英语单词)


• assent [ə´sent] vi.&n.同意，赞成 (高中英语单词)


• wholesome [´həulsəm] a.有益于健康的 (高中英语单词)


• forbidden [fə´bidn] forbid的过去分词 (高中英语单词)


• representation [,reprizen´teiʃən] n.描写；表现(法) (高中英语单词)


• formidable [´fɔ:midəbəl] a.可怕的；艰难的 (高中英语单词)


• legislative [´ledʒislətiv] a.立法的 (高中英语单词)


• invasion [in´veiʒən] n.入侵；侵害；侵犯 (高中英语单词)


• therein [ðeə´rin] ad.在那里，在其中 (高中英语单词)


• allegiance [ə´li:dʒəns] n.忠诚，效忠 (高中英语单词)


• cruelty [´kru:əlti] n.残忍；残酷行为 (高中英语单词)


• civilized [´sivilaizd] a.先进的；文明的 (高中英语单词)


• warfare [´wɔ:feə] n.战争；斗争；竞争 (高中英语单词)


• negative [´negətiv] a.否定的 n.否定词 (高中英语单词)


• prohibit [prə´hibit] vt.禁止；阻止 (高中英语单词)


• restrain [ri´strein] vt.抑制；管束；限制 (高中英语单词)


• repeated [ri´pi:tid] a.反复的；重复的 (高中英语单词)


• tyrant [´taiərənt] n.暴君；霸主；专制君主 (高中英语单词)


• perpetual [pə´petʃuəl] a.永恒的；终身的 (高中英语单词)


• kindred [´kindrid] n.亲属关系；同源关系 (高中英语单词)


• correspondence [,kɔri´spɔndəns] n.通信；符合；相当 (高中英语单词)


• scotch [skɔtʃ] vt.&n.刻痕(于)；划伤 (高中英语单词)


• separation [,sepə´reiʃən] n.分离；分开；分居 (高中英语单词)


• hereafter [hiər´ɑ:ftə] ad.&n.将来；来世 (高中英语单词)


• solemnly [´sɔləmli] ad.严肃地，庄严地 (高中英语单词)


• creator [kri:´eitə] n.创造者；设立者 (英语四级单词)


• destructive [di´strʌktiv] a.破坏性的 (英语四级单词)


• contradict [,kɔntrə´dikt] v.反驳；否认 (英语四级单词)


• accommodation [ə,kɔmə´deiʃən] n.供应；调解；贷款 (英语四级单词)


• legislature [´ledʒisleitʃə] n.立法机关 (英语四级单词)


• repeatedly [ri´pi:tidli] ad.反复地；再三地 (英语四级单词)


• firmness [´fə:mnis] n.坚定；坚硬；稳定 (英语四级单词)


• whereby [weə´bai] ad.凭什么；靠那个 (英语四级单词)


• incapable [in´keipəbəl] a.无能力的；不能的 (英语四级单词)


• harass [´hærəs] vt.使烦恼，骚扰 (英语四级单词)


• arbitrary [´ɑ:bitrəri] a.任意的；专断的 (英语四级单词)


• desolation [desə´leiʃ(ə)n] n.荒凉 (英语四级单词)


• barbarous [´bɑ:bərəs] a.野蛮的；不规范的 (英语四级单词)


• unworthy [ʌn´wə:ði] a.不值得的；不足道的 (英语四级单词)


• insurrection [,insə´rekʃən] n.起义，暴动，叛乱 (英语四级单词)


• hemisphere [´hemisfiə] n.半球；范围，领域 (英语四级单词)


• jurisdiction [,dʒuəris´dikʃən] n.裁判(权)；管辖范围 (英语四级单词)


• warrant [´wɔrənt] n.根据；委任书；权利 (英语四级单词)


• renounce [ri´nauns] v.拒绝 n.放弃权力 (英语四级单词)


• grandeur [´grændʒə] n.伟大；富丽；壮观 (英语四级单词)


• transient [´trænziənt, ´trænʃənt] a.短暂的；无常的 (英语六级单词)


• relinquish [ri´liŋkwiʃ] vt.放弃；撤回；停止 (英语六级单词)


• dependant [di´pendənt] n.被赡养者；依赖别人 (英语六级单词)


• affected [ə´fektid] a.做作的；假装的 (英语六级单词)


• imposing [im´pəuziŋ] a.壮丽的，堂皇的 (英语六级单词)


• taking [´teikiŋ] a.迷人的 n.捕获物 (英语六级单词)


• wanting [´wɔntiŋ, wɑ:n-] a.短缺的；不足的 (英语六级单词)


• acquiesce [,ækwi´es] vi.默认，默许 (英语六级单词)