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The Zincali-Part43_George Borrow(1803-1881)_English Literature(文学名著)-第2页

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European tongues, by imperceptible degrees, became recruited with

various words (some of them wonderfully expressive), many of which



have long been stumbling-stocks to the philologist, who, whilst

stigmatising them as words of mere vulgarinvention, or of unknown



origin, has been far from dreaming that by a little more research

he might have traced them to the Sclavonic, Persian, or Romaic, or



perhaps to the mysterious object of his veneration, the Sanscrit,

the sacred tongue of the palm-covered regions of Ind; words



originally introduced into Europe by objects too miserable to

occupy for a moment his lettered attention - the despised denizens



of the tents of Roma.

ON THE TERM 'BUSNO'



Those who have done me the honour to peruse this strange wandering

book of mine, must frequently have noticed the word 'Busno,' a term



bestowed by the Spanish Gypsy on his good friend the Spaniard. As

the present will probably be the last occasion which I shall have



to speak of the Gitanos or anything relating to them, it will

perhaps be advisable to explain the meaning of this word. In the



vocabulary appended to former editions I have translated Busno by

such words as Gentile, savage, person who is not a Gypsy, and have



stated that it is probably connected with a certain Sanscrit noun

signifying an impure person. It is, however, derived immediately



from a Hungarian term, exceedingly common amongst the lower orders

of the Magyars, to their disgrace be it spoken. The Hungarian



Gypsies themselves not unfrequently style the Hungarians Busnoes,

in ridicule of their unceasing use of the word in question. The



first Gypsies who entered Spain doubtless brought with them the

term from Hungary, the language of which country they probably



understood to a certain extent. That it was not ill applied by

them in Spain no one will be disposed to deny when told that it



exactly corresponds with the Shibboleth of the Spaniards, 'Carajo,'

an oath equally common in Spain as its equivalent in Hungary.



Busno, therefore, in Spanish means EL DEL CARAJO, or he who has

that term continually in his mouth. The Hungarian words in Spanish



Gypsy may amount to ten or twelve, a very inconsiderable number;

but the Hungarian Gypsy tongue itself, as spoken at the present



day, exhibits only a slight sprinkling of Hungarian words, whilst

it contains many words borrowed from the Wallachian, some of which



have found their way into Spain, and are in common use amongst the

Gitanos.



SPECIMENS OF GYPSY DIALECTS

THE ENGLISH DIALECT OF THE ROMMANY



'TACHIPEN if I jaw 'doi, I can lel a bit of tan to hatch: N'etist

I shan't puch kekomi wafu gorgies.'



The above sentence, dear reader, I heard from the mouth of Mr.

Petulengro, the last time that he did me the honour to visit me at



my poor house, which was the day after Mol-divvus (79), 1842: he

stayed with me during the greater part of the morning, discoursing



on the affairs of Egypt, the aspect of which, he assured me, was

becoming daily worse and worse. 'There is no living for the poor



people, brother,' said he, 'the chokengres (police) pursue us from

place to place, and the gorgios are become either so poor or



miserly, that they grudge our cattle a bite of grass by the

wayside, and ourselves a yard of ground to light a fire upon.



Unless times alter, brother, and of that I see no probability,

unless you are made either poknees or mecralliskoe geiro (justice



of the peace or prime minister), I am afraid the poor persons will

have to give up wandering altogether, and then what will become of



them?'

'However, brother,' he continued, in a more cheerful tone, 'I am no



hindity mush, (80) as you well know. I suppose you have not forgot

how, fifteen years ago, when you made horseshoes in the little



dingle by the side of the great north road, I lent you fifty

cottors (81) to purchase the wonderful trotting cob of the



innkeeper with the green Newmarket coat, which three days after you

sold for two hundred.



'Well, brother, if you had wanted the two hundred instead of the

fifty, I could have lent them to you, and would have done so, for I






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