in Hebrew, is Master



Earth Calcosa Street, road

Eye Balco Balcony



Father Grimo Old, wrinkled

Fire Presto Quick



God Anticrotto Probably ANTICHRIST

Hair Prusa (73)



{ Elmo Helmet

Head { Borella (74)



{ Chiurla (75)

Heart Salsa Sauce



Man Osmo From the Italian UOMO,

which is man



Moon Mocoloso di Wick of the firmament

Sant' Alto



Night Brunamaterna Mother-brown

Nose Gambaro Crab



Sun Ruffo di Sant' Red one of the firmament

Alto



Tongue { Serpentina Serpent-like

{ Danosa Hurtful



Water { Lenza Fishing-net

{ Vetta (76) Top, bud



The Germania of Spain may be said to divide itself into two

dialects, the ancient and modern. Of the former there exists a



vocabulary, published first by Juan Hidalgo, in the year 1609, at

Barcelona, and reprinted in Madrid, 1773. Before noticing this



work, it will perhaps be advisable to endeavour to ascertain the

true etymology of the word Germania, which signifies the slang



vocabulary, or robber language of Spain. We have no intention to

embarrass our readers by offering various conjectures respecting



its origin; its sound, coupled with its signification, affording

sufficient evidence that it is but a corruption of Rommany, which



properly denotes the speech of the Roma or Gitanos. The thieves

who from time to time associated with this wandering people, and



acquired more or less of their language, doubtless adopted this

term amongst others, and, after modifying it, applied it to the



peculiar phraseology which, in the course of time, became prevalent

amongst them. The dictionary of Hidalgo is appended to six



ballads, or romances, by the same author, written in the Germanian

dialect, in which he describes the robber life at Seville at the



period in which he lived. All of these romances possess their

peculiar merit, and will doubtless always be considered valuable,



and be read as faithful pictures of scenes and habits which now no

longer exist. In the prologue, the author states that his



principal motive for publishing a work written in so strange a

language was his observing the damage which resulted from an



ignorance of the Germania, especially to the judges and ministers

of justice, whose charge it is to cleanse the public from the



pernicious gentry who use it. By far the greatest part of the

vocabulary consists of Spanish words used allegorically, which are,



however, intermingled with many others, most of which may be traced

to the Latin and Italian, others to the Sanscrit or Gitano,



Russian, Arabic, Turkish, Greek, and German languages. (77) The

circumstances of words belonging to some of the languages last



enumerated being found in the Gitano, which at first may strike the

reader as singular, and almost incredible, will afford but slight



surprise, when he takes into consideration the peculiar

circumstances of Spain during the sixteenth and seventeenth



centuries. Spain was at that period the most powerful monarchy in

Europe; her foot reposed upon the Low Countries, whilst her



gigantic arms embraced a considerableportion of Italy.

Maintaining always a standing army in Flanders and in Italy, it



followed as a natural consequence, that her Miquelets and soldiers

became tolerably conversant with the languages of those countries;



and, in course of time, returning to their native land, not a few,

especially of the former class, a brave and intrepid, but always a



lawless and dissolute species of soldiery, either fell in or

returned to evil society, and introduced words which they had



learnt abroad into the robber phraseology; whilst returned galley-

• robber [´rɔbə] n.强盗；盗贼 (初中英语单词)


• preserve [pri´zə:v] v.保藏 n.保藏物 (初中英语单词)


• purity [´pjuəriti] n.纯净；贞洁 (初中英语单词)


• celebrated [´selibreitid] a.著名的 (初中英语单词)


• volume [´vɔlju:m, ´vɑljəm] n.卷；书籍；体积；容量 (初中英语单词)


• western [´westən] a.西的；西方的 (初中英语单词)


• european [juərə´pi:ən] a.欧洲的 n.欧洲人 (初中英语单词)


• account [ə´kaunt] vi.说明 vt.认为 n.帐目 (初中英语单词)


• properly [´prɔpəli] ad.适当地；严格地 (初中英语单词)


• arrival [ə´raivəl] n.到达；到达的人(物) (初中英语单词)


• admission [əd´miʃən] n.接纳；承认 (初中英语单词)


• italian [i´tæliən] a.意大利 n.意大利人 (初中英语单词)


• shortly [´ʃɔ:tli] ad.立刻，马上；不久 (初中英语单词)


• sufficiently [sə´fiʃəntli] ad.充分地，足够地 (初中英语单词)


• considerable [kən´sidərəbəl] a.重要的；值得重视 (初中英语单词)


• distinct [di´stiŋkt] a.清楚的；独特的 (初中英语单词)


• constitution [,kɔnsti´tju:ʃən] n.宪法；体格；体质 (初中英语单词)


• whatever [wɔt´evə] pron.&a.无论什么 (初中英语单词)


• resemble [ri´zembəl] vt.类似，象 (初中英语单词)


• extraordinary [ik´strɔ:dinəri] a.非常的；额外的 (初中英语单词)


• ignorant [´ignərənt] a.无知的，愚昧的 (初中英语单词)


• philosophy [fi´lɔsəfi] n.哲学；人生观 (初中英语单词)


• spoken [´spəukən] speak的过去分词 (初中英语单词)


• invention [in´venʃən] n.创造；发明；虚构 (初中英语单词)


• origin [´ɔridʒin] n.起源；由来；出身 (初中英语单词)


• divine [di´vain] a.神圣的 v.预言 (初中英语单词)


• instance [´instəns] n.例子，实例，例证 (初中英语单词)


• system [´sistəm] n.系统，体系，制度 (初中英语单词)


• doubtless [´dautlis] ad.无疑地；大概，多半 (初中英语单词)


• contents [´kɔ:ntents] n.容纳物；要旨 (初中英语单词)


• vocabulary [və´kæbjuləri, vəu-] n.词汇；词汇量 (初中英语单词)


• dialect [´daiəlekt] n.方言，土语，地方话 (初中英语单词)


• peculiar [pi´kju:liə] a.特有的；奇异的 (初中英语单词)


• grammatical [grə´mætikəl] a.语法上的 (初中英语单词)


• evident [´evidənt] a.明显的，明白的 (初中英语单词)


• probable [´prɔbəbəl] a.大概的n.很可能的事 (初中英语单词)


• endeavour [in´devə] n.&v.努力，试图，尽力 (初中英语单词)


• intention [in´tenʃən] n.意图；打算；意义 (初中英语单词)


• faithful [´feiθfəl] a.忠实的；可靠的 (初中英语单词)


• motive [´məutiv] n.动机；主题 a.运动的 (初中英语单词)


• charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] v.收费；冲锋 n.费用 (初中英语单词)


• consideration [kən,sidə´reiʃən] n.考虑；原因；体谅 (初中英语单词)


• portion [´pɔ:ʃən] n.嫁妆；命运 vt.分配 (初中英语单词)


• standing [´stændiŋ] n.持续 a.直立的 (初中英语单词)


• consequence [´kɔnsikwəns] n.结果；后果；推断 (初中英语单词)


• abroad [ə´brɔ:d] ad.海外；到处；广泛 (初中英语单词)


• amongst [ə´mʌŋst] prep.其中之一 =among (高中英语单词)


• converse [´kɔnvə:s] n.交谈 a.相反的 (高中英语单词)


• learned [´lə:nid] a.有学问的，博学的 (高中英语单词)


• namely [´neimli] ad.即，也就是 (高中英语单词)


• publication [,pʌbli´keiʃən] n.发表；公布；发行 (高中英语单词)


• distinguished [di´stiŋgwiʃt] a.卓越的，著名的 (高中英语单词)


• adoption [ə´dɔpʃən] n.采用；收养 (高中英语单词)


• whilst [wailst] conj.当…时候；虽然 (高中英语单词)


• continually [kən´tinjuəli] ad.不断地，频繁地 (高中英语单词)


• finding [´faindiŋ] n.发现物；判断；结果 (高中英语单词)


• plunder [´plʌndə] v.&n.掠夺；盗窃 (高中英语单词)


• concerning [kən´sə:niŋ] prep.关于 (高中英语单词)


• ascertain [,æsə´tein] vt.探查；查明 (高中英语单词)


• offering [´ɔfəriŋ] n.提供；礼物；捐献 (高中英语单词)


• cleanse [klenz] vt.使清洁；净化 (高中英语单词)


• singular [´siŋgjulə] a.单一的；非凡的 (高中英语单词)


• incredible [in´kredəbəl] a.不能相信的；惊人的 (高中英语单词)


• species [´spi:ʃi:z] n.(生物的)种，类 (高中英语单词)


• assertion [ə´sə:ʃən] n.断言；主张；论述 (英语四级单词)


• thieves [θi:vz] thief的复数 (英语四级单词)


• propagate [´prɔpəgeit] v.繁殖；宣传；传播 (英语四级单词)


• fraternity [frə´tə:niti] n.教友团体；同行 (英语四级单词)


• absurdity [əb´sə:diti] n.荒谬，愚蠢；谬论 (英语四级单词)


• totally [´təutəli] ad.统统，完全 (英语四级单词)


• modification [,mɔdifi´keiʃən] n.变更；修正；缓和 (英语四级单词)


• corruption [kə´rʌpʃən] n.腐化；贪污；贿赂 (英语四级单词)


• monarchy [´mɔnəki] n.君主政治；君主国 (英语四级单词)


• forsaken [fə´seik] forsake的过去分词 (英语六级单词)


• notably [´nəutəbli] ad.显著地；著名地 (英语六级单词)


• celebrity [si´lebriti] n.名声；名人 (英语六级单词)


• satisfactorily [sætis´fæktərili] ad.令人满意地 (英语六级单词)


• speaking [´spi:kiŋ] n.说话 a.发言的 (英语六级单词)


• unsatisfactory [,ʌnsætis´fæktəri] a.不能令人满意的 (英语六级单词)


• incorrect [,inkə´rekt] a.不正确的，错误的 (英语六级单词)


• madrid [mə´drid] n.马德里(西班牙首都) (英语六级单词)


• advisable [əd´vaizəbl] a.合适的，得当的 (英语六级单词)


• applied [ə´plaid] a.实用的，应用的 (英语六级单词)


• prologue [´prəulɔg] n.序言 vt.作…的序 (英语六级单词)


• gentry [´dʒentri] n.上流社会人士，绅士 (英语六级单词)


• turkish [´tə:kiʃ] a.&n.土耳其人(语)的 (英语六级单词)