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The Zincali-Part20_George Borrow(1803-1881)_English Literature(文学名著)-第2页

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another nation on their countenances, could it be known whether or

not they obeyed the law, which commanded them to live only in



populous towns or villages, or how could they be detected in the

buying or selling of cattle, which the law forbids them under pain



of death?

The attempt to abolish the Gypsy name and manner of life might have



been made without the assertion of a palpable absurdity.

Philip the Fourth, May 8, 1633, after reference to the evil lives



and want of religion of the Gypsies, and the complaints made

against them by prelates and others, declares 'that the laws



hitherto adopted since the year 1499, have been inefficient to

restrain their excesses; that they are not Gypsies by origin or



nature, but have adopted this form of life'; and then, after

forbidding them, according to custom, the dress and language of



Gypsies, under the usual severe penalties, he ordains:-

'1st. That under the same penalties, the aforesaid people shall,



within two months, leave the quarters (barrios) where they now live

with the denomination of Gitanos, and that they shall separate from



each other, and mingle with the other inhabitants, and that they

shall hold no more meetings, neither in public nor in secret; that



the ministers of justice are to observe, with particular diligence,

how they fulfil these commands, and whether they hold communication



with each other, or marry amongst themselves; and how they fulfil

the obligations of Christians by assisting at sacredworship in the



churches; upon which latter point they are to procure information

with all possible secrecy from the curates and clergy of the



parishes where the Gitanos reside.

'2ndly. And in order to extirpate, in every way, the name of



Gitanos, we ordain that they be not called so, and that no one

venture to call them so, and that such shall be esteemed a very



heavy injury, and shall be punished as such, if proved, and that

nought pertaining to the Gypsies, their name, dress, or actions, be



represented, either in dances or in any other performance, under

the penalty of two years' banishment, and a mulct of fifty thousand



maravedis to whomsoever shall offend for the first time, and double

punishment for the second.'



The above two articles seem to have in view the suppression and

breaking up of the Gypsy colonies established in the large towns,



more especially the suburbs; farther on, mention is made of the

wandering bands.



'4thly. And forasmuch as we have understood that numerous Gitanos

rove in bands through various parts of the kingdom, committing



robberies in uninhabited places, and even invading some small

villages, to the great terror and danger of the inhabitants, we



give by this our law a general commission to all ministers of

justice, whether appertaining to royal domains, lordships, or



abbatial territories, that every one may, in his district, proceed

to the imprisonment and chastisement of the delinquents, and may



pass beyond his own jurisdiction in pursuit of them; and we also

command all the ministers of justice aforesaid, that on receiving



information that Gitanos or highwaymen are prowling in their

districts, they do assemble at an appointed day, and with the



necessary preparation of men and arms they do hunt down, take, and

deliver them under a good guard to the nearest officer holding the



royal commission.'

Carlos the Second followed in the footsteps of his predecessors,



with respect to the Gitanos. By a law of the 20th of November

1692, he inhibits the Gitanos from living in towns of less than one



thousand heads of families (vecinos), and pursuing any trade or

employment, save the cultivation of the ground; from going in the



dress of Gypsies, or speaking the language or gibberish which they

use; from living apart in any particular quarter of the town; from



visiting fairs with cattle, great or small, or even selling or

exchanging such at any time, unless with the testimonial of the



public notary, that they were bred within their own houses. By

this law they are also forbidden to have firearms in their



possession.

So far from being abashed by this law, or the preceding one, the



Gitanos seem to have increased in excesses of every kind. Only




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