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The Zincali-Part19_George Borrow(1803-1881)_English Literature(文学名著)-第2页

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of Israel were dangerous to the state, because they appeared to him

to be living without any certain occupation; and for this very



reason the Chaldeans cast them out of Babylon. Amasis, king of

Egypt, drove all the vagrants from his kingdom, forbidding them to



return under pain of death. The Soldan of Egypt expelled the

Torlaquis. The Moors did the same; and Bajazet cast them out of



all the Ottoman empire, according to Leo Clavius.

'In the second place, the Christian princes have deemed it an



important measure of state.

'The emperor our Lord, in the German Diets of the year 1548,



expelled the Gitanos from all his empire, and these were the words

of the decree: "Zigeuner quos compertum est proditores esse, et



exploratores hostium nusquam in imperio locum inveniunto. In

deprehensos vis et injuria sine fraude esto. Fides publica



Zigeuners ne dator, nec data servator."

'The King of France, Francis, expelled them from thence; and the



Duke of Terranova, when Governor of Milan for our lord the king,

obliged them to depart from that territory under pain of death.



'Thirdly, there is one grand reason which ought to be conclusive in

moving him who so much values himself in being a faithful son of



the church, - I mean the example which Pope Pius the Fifth gave to

all the princes; for he drove the Gitanos from all his domains, and



in the year 1568, he expelled the Jews, assigning as reasons for

their expulsion those which are more closely applicable to the



Gitanos; - namely, that they sucked the vitals of the state,

without being of any utilitywhatever; that they were thieves



themselves, and harbourers of others; that they were wizards,

diviners, and wretches who induced people to believe that they knew



the future, which is what the Gitanos at present do by telling

fortunes.



'Your Majesty has already freed us from greater and more dangerous

enemies; finish, therefore, the enterprise begun, whence will



result universal joy and security, and by which your Majesty will

earn immortal honour. Amen.



'O Regum summe, horum plura ne temnas (absit) ne forte tempsisse

Hispaniae periculosum existat.'



CHAPTER XI

PERHAPS there is no country in which more laws have been framed,



having in view the extinction and suppression of the Gypsy name,

race, and manner of life, than Spain. Every monarch, during a



period of three hundred years, appears at his accession to the

throne to have considered that one of his first and most imperative



duties consisted in suppressing or checking the robberies, frauds,

and other enormities of the Gitanos, with which the whole country



seems to have resounded since the time of their first appearance.

They have, by royal edicts, been repeatedlybanished from Spain,



under terrible penalties, unless they renounced their inveterate

habits; and for the purpose of eventually confounding them with the



residue of the population, they have been forbidden, even when

stationary, to reside together, every family being enjoined to live



apart, and neither to seek nor to hold communication with others of

the race.



We shall say nothing at present as to the wisdom which dictated

these provisions, nor whether others might not have been devised,



better calculated to produce the end desired. Certain it is, that

the laws were never, or very imperfectly, put in force, and for



reasons with which their expediency or equity (which no one at the

time impugned) had no connectionwhatever.



It is true that, in a country like Spain, abounding in wildernesses

and almost inaccessible mountains, the task of hunting down and



exterminating or banishing the roving bands would have been found

one of no slight difficulty, even if such had ever been attempted;



but it must be remembered, that from an early period colonies of

Gitanos have existed in the principal towns of Spain, where the men



have plied the trades of jockeys and blacksmiths, and the women

subsisted by divination, and all kinds of fraud. These colonies






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