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The Zincali-Part6_George Borrow(1803-1881)_English Literature(文学名著)-第2页

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things to their former state, and in punishing or pardoning the



guilty; but no sooner did he depart again to his wars, and to his

various other concerns, than they broke out into the same excesses,



and this they repeated no less than three times, and he at length

laid a plan for their utter extermination, and it was the



following:- He commenced building a wall, and he summoned unto him

the people small and great, and he allotted to every man his place,



and to every workman his duty, and he stationed the Zingarri and

their chieftains apart; and in one particular spot he placed a band



of soldiers, and he commanded them to kill whomsoever he should

send to them; and having done so, he called to him the heads of the



people, and he filled the cup for them and clothed them in splendid

vests; and when the turn came to the Zingarri, he likewise pledged



one of them, and bestowed a vest upon him, and sent him with a

message to the soldiers, who, as soon as he arrived, tore from him



his vest, and stabbed him, pouring forth the gold of his heart into

the pan of destruction, (14) and in this way they continued until



the last of them was destroyed; and by that blow he exterminated

their race, and their traces, and from that time forward there were



no more rebellions in Samarcand.'

It has of late years been one of the favourite theories of the



learned, that Timour's invasion of Hindostan, and the cruelties

committed by his savage hordes in that part of the world, caused a



vast number of Hindoos to abandon their native land, and that the

Gypsies of the present day are the descendants of those exiles who



wended their weary way to the West. Now, provided the above

passage in the work of Arabschah be entitled to credence, the



opinion that Timour was the cause of the expatriation and

subsequent wandering life of these people, must be abandoned as



untenable. At the time he is stated by the Arabian writer to have

annihilated the Gypsy hordes of Samarcand, he had but just



commenced his career of conquest and devastation, and had not even

directed his thoughts to the invasion of India; yet at this early



period of the history of his life, we find families of Zingarri

established at Samarcand, living much in the same manner as others



of the race have subsequently" target="_blank" title="a.其次，接着">subsequently done in various towns of Europe and

the East; but supposing the event here narrated to be a fable, or



at best a floating legend, it appears singular that, if they left

their native land to escape from Timour, they should never have



mentioned in the Western world the name of that scourge of the

human race, nor detailed the history of their flight and



sufferings, which assuredly would have procured them sympathy; the

ravages of Timour being already but too well known in Europe. That



they came from India is much easier to prove than that they fled

before the fierce Mongol.



Such people as the Gypsies, whom the Bishop of Forli in the year

1422, only sixteen years subsequent to the invasion of India,



describes as a 'raging rabble, of brutal and animal propensities,'

(15) are not such as generally abandon their country on foreign



invasion.

THE ZINCALI OR AN ACCOUNT OF THE GYPSIES OF SPAIN - PART I



CHAPTER I

GITANOS, or Egyptians, is the name by which the Gypsies have been



most generally known in Spain, in the ancient as well as in the

modern period, but various other names have been and still are



applied to them; for example, New Castilians, Germans, and

Flemings; the first of which titles probably originated after the



name of Gitano had begun to be considered a term of reproach and

infamy. They may have thus designated themselves from an



unwillingness to utter, when speaking of themselves, the detested

expression 'Gitano,' a word which seldom escapes their mouths; or



it may have been applied to them first by the Spaniards, in their

mutual dealings and communication, as a term less calculated to



wound their feelings and to beget a spirit of animosity than the

other; but, however it might have originated, New Castilian, in



course of time, became a term of little less infamy than Gitano;

for, by the law of Philip the Fourth, both terms are forbidden to



be applied to them under severe penalties.




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