Forests

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keep from, water, soil, floods

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China

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copy, across, is…long and between…and …wide, stop…from, save, needed, all over the world

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Wang Feng

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　　work on…, visit, among, ask, plant, over there, on the hill, five years ago, in a few years' time, be covered, point to, difficult, grow food, thanks to

　　

　　　　在进行写作训练时，可以要求学生仿照课文，写一篇以How to plant flowers in the garden 为题目作文。

　　关于带情态动词的被动语态的教学建议

　　　　本单元在前两个单元学习一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态的基础上，继续学习带情态动词的被动语态。

　　　　在第41课，以显著的位置展示题为"HOW TO PLANT A TREE"的操作规程（instructions），教师如果仅仅是按部就班地讲解，就会使学生感到枯燥乏味。要充分利用课文中所提供的情景，在有意义的情景中教学语法知识。例如，教师可利用简笔画来引出新的语法知识。学生基本掌握instructions大意后，教师应引导他们理解情态动词的用法。到了第43课可采用对比的方法。教师列出两个框框，要求学生分别填上课文中已出现的带情态动词的句子，和可以由主动语态变为情态动词的被动语态的句子，把变化后的句子填入框内。如下表：

　　

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1. The ground must be just right.

2. But the hole should not be too deep.

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1. The earth should be neither too wet nor too dry.

2. A hole must be dug large enough for the tree. The size of the hole must be just right.

3. A long, strong stick should be knocked into the earth next to the hole. It must be firmly planted.

4. The tree must be put in the hole so that it is straight. The tree must stand straight in the hole.

5. The earth must be put back in the hole again.

6. The earth should be pushed down hard with ....

7. The tree must be tied to the top of the stick ....

8. It should be watered well, ....

　　

　　　　学生在做这个练习时，对本课句型与词汇有了进一步认识，同时也锻炼了写的能力。

　　　　在有条件的学校可放教学录相以加深印象。在全班读熟课文后，展示几幅植树的图片，让学生独自准备几分钟，进行连锁练习，按次序复述instructions。也可两组之间进行比赛，由A组说出第一条注意事项，再由B组说出下一条。最初可完全复述课文原句。熟练后，可全部用主动语态或全部用被动语态，或一句主动语态一句被动语态交替出现，或句子中带有情态动词等方式进行操练。

　　关于计量表达法的教学建议

　　　　本单元第42课教学了计量 (measurement)表达法。

　　　　表示计量的方法是：数词+metres/ kilometres +long/wide/deep/high/tall…

　　　　表示重量可用数词+kilograms +heavy.

　　　　The classroom is 4 metres wide.这个教室有4米宽。

　　　　The river is about 10metres deep.这条河大约有10米深。

　　　　教师可利用学生身边的事物教学计量表达法。例如描述教室及桌椅，可说出以下句子：

　　　　The classroom is 3. 5 metres high, 4. 5 metres wide and 5. 5 metres long.

　　　　The table is half a metre high.

　　　　也可以出示一幅世界地图，让学生造句：

　　　　The Yellow River is 5, 464 kilometres long and between…and…metres deep.

　　　　Mount Qomolongma is 8848. 13 metres high.

　　　　The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometres long.

　　　　The lake is between 150 and 250 metres wide.

　　　　以上例句呈现完毕后，可让学生自己归纳计量表达法的特点，并将它写在黑板上：

　　　　metre (s) /kilometers + long/wide/deep/high/tall …

　　　　第43课第一部分和此课练习册 Ex2是为练习计量表达法而设计的。教师还可要求学生造句，造句最多而错误最少的学生将给予奖励。

　　Lesson 41

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Pictures

　　Teaching Objectives:

　　　　1. Learn how to plant a tree.

　　　　2. Learn some useful expressions.

　　Language Focus:

　　　　neither…nor, tie…to, must, should.

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　　II. Revision

　　　　Check homework. Read some perfect writing to the class.

　　　III .Leading in

　　　　T: There are four seasons in a year. They are spring, summer, autumn and winter. Most people like spring. Because we can see trees and flowers. Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day. It's March 12 tomorrow. So what is happening tomorrow? Lets listen to the tape, try to find the answer.

　　　　Get the students to read the dialogue and repeat after the cassette. Then let the students practise the dialogue in pairs.

　　　IV. Teaching Reading

　　　　Just let the students understand the reading, do not pay more attention to the new knowledge. Look at the books, read the instructions with the whole class. Explain: just right, neither.. .nor

　　　　Read the passage "How To Plant A Tree" and answer the questions at the bottom of the page with the whole class.

　　　　The answers are: 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T

　　　V. Practice

　　　　Get the students to listen to the reading. Then read after the tape, ask the class to read it by themselves. Choose some of them to read in class.

　　　VI. Teaching Language Focus

　　　　Remind the students of instructions using "must" and "should". Draw this table on the blackboard.

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　　The earth should

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　　The hole should not

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　　The ground must

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　　The tree must not

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　　　　Get the students to make up sentences using those boxes. Pay attention to the followings. Let the students really understand them.

　　1. neither: Neither answer is right. Neither of his parents is a teacher.

　　　　Note: neither…nor…

　　　　Neither Tom nor Jane is from American.

　　　　Neither you nor I am right.

　　　　2. tie ...to...

　　　　Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight.

　　　　Tie the cat to the door to keep it quiet.

　　　　3. so that

　　　　He gets up early every day so that he can get to school on time.

　　　　Anna studied very hard so that she could catch up with the class.

　　　VII. Workbook

　　　　Do Exercise 1. Write down the missing words; 1. plant, shall, dig, get/carry, help 2. enough, right 3 .put, sure, earth.

　　　　For Exercise 2, let the students read the model first, then practise orally with their partners. Finally write down the answers.

　　　VIII. Consolidation

　　　　Ask the students to tell the class how to plant a tree .

　　Exercises in class

　　　　Fill in the blanks with the right form

　　　　1. Come to school __________ your old clothes tomorrow.

　　　　2. It's Tree __________ Day.

　　　　3. The ground must be ___________ right ___________ too wet ___________ too dry.

　　　　4. Dig a hole large ___________ for the tree.

　　　　5. Water it well, as ___________ as possible.

　　　　6. Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it ___________.

　　　　7. Knock a long, strong stick ___________ the earth ___________ to the hole.

　　　IX .Homework

　　　　1. Finish off the workbook.

　　　　2. Revise the contents of this lesson.

　　Lesson 42

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Pictures.

　　Teaching aims

　　　　1. Let the students get the main idea of this passage.

　　　　2. Learn some useful words and expressions.

　　　　3. Let the students understand the importance of planting trees.

　　Language Focus:

　　　　 keep … from doing something, stop … from doing something, the more, the better.

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　　II. Revision

　　　　1. Check the students' homework. Ask some students to tell how to plant a tree.

　　　　2. Let the students use "should" and "must" to make sentences.

　　　III. Leading in

　　　　Ask the students to look at the pictures and tell the students that it's about the Great Wall, There are many trees - forest just like a wall to protect something. Ask: Do you know why the Great Green Wall was built? Give the students a few minutes to discuss. Then collect their information. Then say : Your opinions are very good. Some are right, but they are not enough or exact. Shall we find the answer from the text?

　　　　Get the students to read it quickly, and see who can find the answer first.

　　　IV. Reading

　　　　Open the wordbook, Look at Exercise I and ask the students to remember the questions in their mind. Then read the passage again, but more carefully. Do Exercise I individually first, then work in pairs, at last check the answers with the whole class.

　　　V. Practice

　　　　Listen to the tape, pay attention to the stress and intonation. Listen again and read the passage after the tape sentence by sentence, then let the students practise reading by themselves. While they are reading, the teacher may ask some questions.

　　　VI. Teaching Language Focus

　　　　Let the students grasp the following phrases and notes.

　　　　1. stop… from doing something

　　　　She stopped me from telling the secret to her parents.

　　　　We must stop him from doing such a thing.

　　　　2. among the young tree

　　　　"Among" is used for more than two; "Between" is used for two .

　　　　3. The more, the better

　　　　4. Point to, Point at

　　　VII. Background Knowledge

　　　　T: Sanbei shelter- forest(三北防护林) is known as China's "Great Green Wall". It is a "Great Green Wall" of trees, millions of trees. China has a built a new Great Green Wall across the northern part, including Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin. The Great Green Wall also covers some of the Northwest (Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Shanxi) and the western part of the Northwest (Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang). It includes altogether 13 provinces, cities and autonomous regions(自治区) . Its total area is 4 069 000. Wall will take 73 years ( 1978 - 2050) . The Great Green Wall has already saved a lot of land by stopping the wind from blowing the earth away and the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south. But more "Great Green Walls" are still needed and not only in China. They must be built all over the world.

　　　VIII. Workbook

　　　　Do Exercise 2 in class. "The answers are: 1. prevent 2. desert 3. towards 4. farmland 5. among 6. direct 7. flood

　　　　Do Exercise 3 in class. The answers are: built, across, long, wide, from, sand, towards, farmland.

　　　IX. Consolidation

　　　　Get the students to ask and answer questions according to the text. Let them really

　　　　understand the passage, then ask them to retell it.

　　　X. Summary

　　Exercises in class

　　　　Fill in the blanks with the right form.

　　　　1. China has built a new Great Green Wall across the ___________ part of the country. ( north)

　　　　2. It' a "Great Green Wall of trees",__________( thousand) of trees.

　　　　3. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from___________(blow) the south .

　　　　4. The more, the___________(better) .

　　　　5. We grow our own food, too. ___________to the Great Green Wall. ( thank)

　　　XI. Homework

　　　　Finish off the exercises in the workbook.

　　Lesson 43

　　Properties: Recorder; Overhead Projector; Pictures.

　　Teaching aims:

　　　　1. Measurement.

　　　　2. The Passive Voice

　　　　3. With modal auxiliaries ( can, may, must. . . . )

　　Language Focus:

　　　　Learn how to use measurement and the Passive Voice with modal auxiliaries

　　Teaching Procedures:

　　　I. Showing the teaching aims

　　　II. Revision

　　　　Check the students' retelling.

　　　III. Leading in

　　　　Let the students look at the following sentences. Pay more attention to the underlined words.

　　　　1. Peter is one metre seventy tall.

　　　　2. The room is ten metres long.

　　　　3. The window is 3 metres wide.

　　　　4. The hill is 50 metres high.

　　　　5. The well is 4 metres deep.

　　　　Ask the students to tell the structure. Point out the position of the adjective at the end of the sentence again.

　　　IV. Practice

　　　　Do Exercise 1 in the students books. Read through the phrases in the boxes, and make up true sentences by themselves. Then check the answers with the whole class.

　　　　Let the students do some translation exercises.

　　　V. Presentation

　　　　Revise the instruction for planting trees, using "should" and "must" .

　　　　(not + be + past participle). Then tell the students that we can use the Passive Voice in the same way. Give them some examples.

　　　　1. The homework must be done.

　　　　2. The fish must be cooked.

　　　　3. The books should be returned tomorrow.

　　　　4. The tree must be tied to the stick.

　　　　5. The hole should be dug first.

　　　　Let them repeat the sentences. Point out the use of must/ should + Passive Voice. Then help the students change the sentences into the Active Voice and make sure they can understand the difference between the Active and Passive Voice.

　　　　For instance:

　　　　We should plant many more trees. (Active)

　　　　Many more trees should be planted. ( Passive)

　　　　The Passive Voice is used when it is not necessary to mention the doer of the action.

　　　VI. Practice

　　　　Get the students to make up sentences using the words in the boxes. Do Exercise 2 and Exercise 3. First do the first one as an example, then let the students work in pails, and make up sentences. Collect some examples from the whole class.

　　　VII. Workbook

　　　　Do Exercise 1 orally first, then write down the answers.

　　　　For Exercise 2, do it together. The answers are: 1. think 2. long, wide, wide 3.deep, deep 4.high/ tall, high/ tall 5.tall

　　　　For Exercise 3, Fill in the blanks, check the answers. The answers are:

　　　　Be, made, long, wide, through, stopped, warm, more, all, in

　　Exercise in class

　　　　Put these sentences into the Passive Voice.

　　　　1. You must finish your work today.

　　　　2. They can repair the road in two hours.

　　　　3. We shouldnt laugh at that poor child.

　　　　4. Can they plant trees in that place?

　　　　5. They may grow some flowers in the garden.

　　　　Answers: 1. Your work must be finished today.

　　　　2. The road cant be repaired in two hours.

　　　　3. The poor child shouldnt be laughed at.

　　　　4. Can trees be planted in that place?

　　　　5. Some flowers may be grown in the garden.

　　　VIII. Homework

　　　　1. Revise the contents of this unit, particularly the use of the Passive Voice.

　　　　2. Make ten sentences in both the Active Voice and the Passive Voice.

　　探究活动

　　　　主题班会

　　　　组织一次以"绿色"为主题的班会。可以让同学们简单介绍一下身边的绿化情况。或者针对将在中国举行的2008年奥运会，以及北京提出了"绿色奥运"的口号，让同学们就此发表一些个人见解或者提出一些建议。

　　　　资料查找及整理

　　　　组织同学们到图书馆查找关于国外植树造林或保护环境的资料，然后分组整理出关于这方面的英语文章，要有一定的说服力，并且内容真实严谨。是一篇完整的语篇，上下文连接要紧密，并说明一定的道理，有教育意义。

　　　　In developing countries people mostly use wood for cooking and heating. They cut down trees for fuel. But a tree cools the land under it and keeps the sun from smaller plants. As the leaves fall, they enrich the soil. When trees disappear, smaller plants die and only sand remains. Yet people need fuel, animals, and crops in order to live.

　　　　Men can take deserts, but they can also prevent them from getting bigger. Algeria(阿尔及利亚) is planting a green belt of trees along the edge of the Sahara Desert(撒哈沙漠) to stop the sand. In China, too, windbreaks(防风林带) are being built in the northwest to keep the desert from growing.

　　　　But deserts still threaten the world. Experts believe that land that is on the way to becoming

　　　　desert equals the size of Australia, Russia and the United States put together. Can we stop the spread of the worlds deserts and save the land that is so essential to mankind? Yes, we can. And we must.

　　　　学写议论文

　　　　【说明】写一篇大约一百二十个英文字 (words) 的短文, 阐述你对知识的看法。

　　　　【大纲提示】

　　　　1. 破題：知识之于人就如同罗盘之于船

　　　　2. 借題：有了罗盘船才能安全橫渡茫茫大海

　　　　3. 铺路：知识带来力量，有助于改善生活

　　　　4. 具体举例1：知识有助于发明机器

　　　　5. 具体举例2：知识有助于艺术创作

　　　　6. 具体举例3：知识也有助于食衣住行

　　　　7. 小结：知识使人类生活方便和精神丰富

　　　　8. 反面举证1：沒有知识人类会变笨

　　　　9. 反面举证2：沒有知识人类会回到原始时代

　　　　10. 反面举证3：沒有知识人类无法继承传统

　　　　11. 总结1：越多知识，越多智慧

　　　　12. 总结2：人类不能沒有知识

　　　　【范文】Knowledge

　　　　Knowledge is to us what a compass is to a ship. A ship has to rely on a compass to sail safely across an unknown ocean. Similarly, knowledge brings forth power we need to make real progress toward a better life. With knowledge, we can invent new and useful apparatus and machines; we can create beautiful art, including paintings, sculpture, music, and so forth; we can make clothes, furniture, cars, space shuttles and the like. It is knowledge that enables us humans to lead a convenient and colorful life. On the contrary, were it not for knowledge, people would become stupid and uncivilized; everything would get back to the primitive age; no more human history could be passed down. In short, the more knowledge we gain, the wiser we will become.

　　　　 That is, knowledge is indispensable to mankind. (138 words)

　　　　一、用字解析：

　　　　1. compass （罗盘）

　　　　They walked in the forest with a small compass.

　　　　2. rely on [upon] （信仰）

　　　　I rely on you to help me.

　　　　3. bring forth （引起）

　　　　April showers bring forth May flowers.

　　　　4. make progress（前进；进步）

　　　　The ship made slow progress through the canal.

　　　　She has made a lot of progress in English.

　　　　5. apparatus[单数集合名词]（仪器）

　　　　Our school has excellent experimentalapparatus.

　　　　6. including（包括）

　　　　Ten persons were injured, including three children.

　　　　7. and so forth [= and so on = and the like]（等等）

　　　　They discussed literature, philosophy, history, and so forth.

　　　　8. lead（过；度）

　　　　After his fathers death, he led a life of poverty for several years.

　　　　9. on the contrary（相反地）

　　　　I thought it was going to clear up. On the contrary, it began to rain.

　　　　10. get back [= return ]（回到）

　　　　They have got back to Taipei.

　　　　11 . primitive（原始的）

　　　　Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.

　　　　12. pass down [= hand down]（流传）

　　　　This custom has been passed down since the 17th century.

　　　　13. indispensable（不可缺少的）

　　　　Air is indispensable to life.

　　　　

　　　　二、语法句型解析：

　　　　1. A is to B what C is to D. = A is to B as C is to D. = As C is to D,

　　　　so is A to B. = What C is to D, A is to B.

　　　　（A之于B就如同C之于D）

　　　　Reading is to the mind as food is to the body.

　　　　2. It + be + 表强调的词语 + that ......

　　　　 It was not until yesterday that I knew he had gone to America.

　　　　3. enable + 宾语 + to-V（动词原形）（使能够）

　　　　The internet enables us to gain the latest information.

　　　　4.Were it not for ….. = If it were not for….. = But for….. = Without

　　　　…

　　　　[假设语气用法]（如果沒有…的话）

　　　　 Were it not for you, I would lose my way.

　　　　5. The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…（越…，就越…）

　　　　The harder you work, the more you gain.

关键字:初三英语教案

生词表: