（6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：

She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.

(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：

If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。

They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。

She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。

(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等

If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

二、特殊形式的虚拟语气

虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。

A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：

ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求

command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望

determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张

move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令

prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心

recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进

vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求

注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）

She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）

She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)

B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：

advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的

determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的

complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的

desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要

asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的

natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议

urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的

possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点） proposed提议

requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的

probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾

注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do…

来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。

It is essential that he should be prepared for this.

It is essential for him to be prepared for this.

C．用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：

advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望

insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令

preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐

request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告

例如：

This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。

The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。

三、混合虚拟语气

有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。

If you that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

A. haven't watched B. didn't watch

C. hadn't watched D. wouldn't have watched 答案选C。

Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.

Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.

混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.

该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为"父母病了"是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。

四、含蓄虚拟条件句

含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

（1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。

the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn't been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案选B。

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

(2)连词，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.

(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：

The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。

（3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.

A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep选择 B。

(4)形容词及其比较级

A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.

A less conscientious man wouldn't have tried so hard to get this job done.

(5)分词短语

Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.

Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.

(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。

I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.

To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.

She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.

It would be easier to do it this way.

(7)名词短语和名词+and结构

A judicious man would not have committed suicide.

A diligent student would have worked harder.

(8)独立主格结构

All things considered, the price would be reasonable.

(9)定语从句

Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.

A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.

(10）情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气：

I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn't.

The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

(11)动词原形表示虚拟

动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。

God bless you!

All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.

She'll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come).

If that be so, we shall take action at once.

强化训练：虚拟语气

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.

A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be

2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

3. If he me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call B. should not have been able

C. were not able D. are not able

4. If you asked your father you permission.

A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get

5. today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were

7.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost

8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

9. If you Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn't contact B. didn't contact C. weren't to contact D. hadn't contacted

10. he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I your advice

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. hadn't contacted

13. If the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.

A. would have won B. won C. must have won D. did have won

14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

15. The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed

C. must be printed D. should be printed

16. Jean Wagner's most enduringcontribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his

insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed

C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed

17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______

fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

18. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended

19. If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dressed, we'd there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

21. I wish that I ______ with you last night.

A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone

22. I wish I with her.

A. would be B. am C. was D. were

23. I wish that I the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended

24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I to it.

A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone

25. "I wish you me to put these things away," he said.

A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help

26. If the Watergate Incident Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling

27. I hadn't expected James to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me

28. George would certainly have attended the proceedings .

A. if he didn't get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn't happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

29. The teacher suggested that her students experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

34. He described the town as if he it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.

A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke

36. Most insurance agents would rather you anything about collecting claims until

they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don't C. didn't D. didn't do

37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.

A. hadn't B. didn't have had C. hadn't had D. hadn't have

38. It is important that the TOEFL office your registration.

A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm

39. Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

40. He told her to return the book in time so that others a chance to read it .

A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have

41. It is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ______all diplomas from elementary school to university.

A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have

43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be surprised if he acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

45. If I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

46. I hadn't expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .

A. him t call me up B. him calling me up

C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John ______a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.

A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend

48. I had hoped that Jennifer a doctor, but she wasn't good enough at science.

A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes

49. I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn't do C. don't D. didn't

50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.

A. that you won't speak B. you not speaking

C. you not speak D. you didn't speak

51. It's high time they this road.

A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will mend

52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.

A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take

53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we the class.

A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start

54. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

55. Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received

56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.

A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming

57. He's working hard for fear that he .

A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind

58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might for a century.

A. have been postponed B. has been postponed

C. postpone D. be postponed

59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives______ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child

psychologically ready for the new idea.

A. is B. were C. be D. would be

61. Tom's father, as well as his mother, in New York for a few days more.

A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay C. asks he stays D. asks he stay

62. Your advice that______ till next week is reasonable.

A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited

63. The board deemed it urgent that these files right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed

C. must be printed D. should be printed

64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.

A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing

65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.

A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to

关键字:英语语法

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