(A) folk

(B) nations

(C) countries

(D) objects



29.Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why folk-made objects are replaced by mass-produced objects?



(A) Cost

(B) Prestige

(C) Quality

(D) Convenience



Question 30-40



Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of

weather - torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes

- begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly,

devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas

untouched. One such event, a tornado, stuck the northeastern" title="ad.&a.向东北(的)">northeastern

section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages

from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for

any Canadian storm. Conventional computer models of the

atmosphere have limited value in predicting short - lived local

storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available

weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede

these storms. In most nations, for example, weather -balloon

observations are taken just once every twelve hours at location

typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited

data, conventionalforecasting models do a much better job

predicting general weather conditions over large regions than

they do forecasting specific local events.



Until recently, the observation - intensive approach needed

for accurate, very short - range forecasts, or "Nowcasts," was

not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands

of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high,

and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing

the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable.

Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have

overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated

weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making

detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at

a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit

data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern

computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume

of weather information. Meteorologists and computer

scientists now work together to design computer programs and

video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into

words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters

can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun

using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices,

Nowcasting is becoming a reality.



30.What does he passage mainly discuss?

(A) Computers and weather

(B) Dangerous storms

(C) Weather forecasting

(D) Satellites



31.Why does the author mention the tornado in Edmonton, Canada?



(A) To indicate that tornadoes are common in the summer

(B) To give an example of a damaging storm

(C) To explain different types of weather

(D) To show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada



32.The word "subtle" in line 8 is closest in meaning to



(A) complex

(B) regular

(C) imagined

(D) slight



33.Why does the author state in line 10 that observations are taken "just once every twelve hours?"



(A) To indicate that the observations are timely

(B) To show why the observations are on limited value

(C) To compare data from balloons and computers

(D) To give an example of international cooperation



34.The word "they" in line 13 refers to



(A) models

(B) conditions

(C) regions

(D) events



35.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advance in short - range weather forecasting?



(A) Weather balloons

(B) Radar systems

(C) Automated instruments

(D) Satellites



36.The word "compile" in line 23 is closest in meaning to



(A) put together

(B) look up

(C) pile high

(D) work over







37.With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about



(A) short-lived local storms

(B) radar networks

(C) long - range weather forecasts

(D) general weather conditions



38.The word "raw" in line 25 is closest in meaning to



(A) stormy

(B) inaccurate

(C) uncooked

(D) unprocessed



39.With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?



(A) Communications satellites can predict severe weather.

(B) Meteorologists should standardize computer programs.

(C) The observation - intensive approach is no longer useful.

(D) Weather predictions are becoming more accurate.



40.Which of the following would best illustrate Nowcasting?



(A) A five-day forecast

(B) A warning about a severe thunderstorm on the radio

(C) The average rainfall for each month

(D) A list of temperatures in major cities

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Question 41-50



People in the United States in the nineteenth century

were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in

he nation's economy would bring social chaos. In the years

following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the

economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid

growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century.

Accompanying that growth that was a structural change that

featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift

in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing

and other nonagricultural pursuits.



Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high

level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The

population roughly doubled every generation during the

nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also

changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic

groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility -

downward as well as upward - touched almost everyone. Local

studies indicate that nearly three - quarters of the population -

in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast,

and in the restless rural counties of the West - changed

their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David

Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every

segment of society," and it seemed to many people that "all the

recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being

eroded."

Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility

in the nineteenth century had special implications for women

because these tended to magnify social distinctions. As

the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly

defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the

context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change,

the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home

came to serve as a haven of tranquillity and order. As the size

of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became

more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle

class especially, men participated in the productive economy

while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of

civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was

common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times

seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and

wives.



41.What does the passage mainly discuss?



(A) The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth century

(B) Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States

(C) Population growth in the western United States

(D) The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the United States



42.The word "Prospect" in line 1 is closest in meaning to



(A) regret

(B) possibility

(C) theory

(D) circumstance



43.According to the passage, the economy of the United States between 1820 and 1900 was



(A) expanding

(B) in sharp decline

(C) stagnate

(D) disorganized



44.The word "roughly" in line 9 is closest in meaning to



(A) harshly

(B) surprisingly

(C) slowly

(D) approximately



45.The word "its" in line 10 refers to



(A) century

(B) population

(C) generation

(D) birth rate



46.According to the passage, as the nineteenth century progressed, the people of the United States



(A) emigrated to other countries

(B) often settled in the West

(C) tended to change the place in which they lived

(D) had a higher rate of birth than ever before



47.Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?



(A) A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas

(B) A society that was undergoing fundamental change

(C) A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700's

(D) A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements



48.The word "magnify" in line 20 is closest in meaning to



(A) solve

(B) explain

(C) analyze

(D) increase



49.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an example of the social changes occurring in the United States after 1820?



(A) Increased social mobility

(B) Increased immigration

(C) Significant movement of population

(D) Strong emphasis on traditional social values



50.The word " distinctions" in line 21 is closest in meaning to



(A) Differences

(B) Classes

(C) Accomplishments

(D) characteristics

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