The Students' Union



Department of Chinese Language and Literature



第三节 段落写作



一、考研论说文框架结构：3段，12句，160－200词，5－7个关联词，5－7个从句



第一段：引言/起始/淘金段，图画/表描述，3句



总体描述：人物/动物/事物＋动作＋环境（或人物＋服装＋表情），1句



1）1998：



Directions:



Study the following set of pictures carefully and write an essay in no less than 150 words.



Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.



Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:



1．Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.



2．Give your comments.



2）2000：



Directions:



Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to



Describe the pictures



Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures, and



Suggest counter-measures



You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II



3）2001：



Directions:



Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone had his/her own understanding of it.



There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to



1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,



2) give a specific example, and



3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.







4）2002：



Directions:



Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled "Cultures---National and International"



In the essay you should



describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and



give your comments on the phenomenon.



You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.



An American girl in traditional Chinese costume



5）2003：



Directions:



Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following



describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning



point out its implications in our life.



6）2004：



Directions:



Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should



1. describe the drawing.



2. interpret its meaning, and



3. support your view with examples.



You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.



7）2005：



Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning and give your comment on it.











8）2006：



Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should



describe the photos briefly;



interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,



give your point of view.



You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)











图一：把崇拜写在脸上。 图二：花300元做个"小贝"头。



注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。



9）2007：



Directions:



Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should



1) describe the drawing briefly,　　



2) explain its intended meaning, and then　　



3) support your view with an example/examples.



You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)











挖掘细节词、串连成句：1－2句



文字说明/象征寓意：1句



The caption reads, "…".



We are informed that "…".



第二段：主体段，意义阐释，5句



主题句：象征寓意，1句



论证：3句



原因列举：



举例论证：



联系现实：图画作文创作原则（以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象）



五大角度：背景、事实、反方观点、原因、后果



六种手段：因果、分类、定义解释、统计事实、举例、正反论证



小结：1句



第三段：结论段，建议措施，4句



结论句：1句



针对双方提建议：2句



包装结尾、展望未来：1句



启承转合：



启：启动观点、开篇点题



承：观点承接、正面论证



First(ly), In the first place, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing,



Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For another



Third(ly), (The) Last but not (the) least, More importantly, Even worse,



转：观点转折、反面论证



Conversely, Nevertheless, Unfortunately, Whereas, Yet, Instead, In/By comparison/contrast, On the contrary



合：文章结尾、合并归纳



As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking,



第四节 两图写作



一、2006年高分作文：偶像崇拜



Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should



1）describe the photos briefly;



2）interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,



3）give your point of view.



You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)











图一：把崇拜写在脸上。 图二：花300元做个"小贝"头。



注：Beckham（贝克汉姆）：英国足球明星。







The two photos show that people are enthusiastic about football stars such as the English football player Beckham. Some, like the young man in the photo, express their enthusiasm by writing his name on their faces, while others, like the one in the hair studio, spend as much as 300 yuan for a hair style modeling on that of Beckham.



In fact, that kind of star-worshipping is not uncommon nowadays among the Chinese people. For example, the so-called "Super Girls" become fashionable almost overnight, with fans chasing after them in a kind of blind worship. It seems as if people are badly in need of someone to whom to pay their respect, and to realize their own aspirations of an immediate success or stardom.



Famous football players won our favor and earned our respect by their hard work and excellent performance on the football field. What, then, deserves to be worshipped, their diligence and perseverance, or their hairstyle and ways of living? The answer seems self-evident: what we should learn is their spirit, not the superficial styles of living. Fashion is often short-lived, but the ever-lasting memory of a courageous, undaunted and skillful football player is what inspires us in our pursuit for better life and brighter future.



二、职业道德



Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should



　　1) describe the pictures briefly;



　　2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and



3) give your point of view.







谁知盘中餐 替罪鸭







The cartoons vividlydepict people in expanding numbers are engaged in open and rampant cheating in business. In the first drawing, a boy has no courage to have dinner in front of delicious foods in that there may exist pesticide pollution or poisonous elements in the foods. In the second picture, the administrative office, salesmen, breeding families and forage shops are laughing at the hanging of a poisonous duck.



Professional dishonesty has a very damaging effect. In the first place, since cheating in business reveals the moral deficiencies as well as the humanity weakness of those businessmen who engage in it, the dishonest practice will ultimately exerts a perverse influence on the whole society. In the second place, it not only puts honest businessmen at a competitivedisadvantage, encouraging those who did not cheat to adopt similar practices later, but undermines the very foundation of professional ethics in business.



It is often painful to impose sanctions in a specific case. But it is worthwhile. For one thing, to eliminate professional dishonesty thoroughly, serious forms of punishment for a willful offense-a suspension of the offender from business-should be applied. For another, since the incentives to engage in cheating in business are mainly due to a lack of adequate precautions, drastic actions should be taken to prevent one form of cheating or another.



三、交通问题



Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should



　　1) describe the pictures briefly;



　　2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and



3) give your point of view.







The pictures vividly reveal that heavy traffic is becoming increasingly serious all over the world. In the first photo, there is traffic conjestion on the road with numerous cars, trucks and buses. In the second picture, hundreds of people are waiting for a train.



We can deduce from the pictures that the photographer is trying to attract our attention to the issue of heavy traffic. First of all, every year men and women crowd into cities in serach of emploement, a decent living, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life. As people in mounting numbers flood into cities, city services and facilities have been strained to a breaking point. In addition, since in a city with booming industry, land is precious and cannot be extravagantly used by traffic, traffic flows contantly rise to fill whatever scale of roads and highways are provided for them.



It is imperative for us to improve this situation. For one thing, the number of private cars should be limited while more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers. For another, more streets and roads should be constructed. Since neither of the suggestions can effectively solve the problem, there is an increased awareness that the two solutions may be combined with other possible solutions to produce the best effect.



四、环境问题



Directions: Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should



　　1) describe the pictures briefly;



　　2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and



3) give your point of view.











烤 秋水共长天一色



The pictures symbolically illustrate pollution is becoming increasingly serious around the globe. In the first cartoon, a man is scorching the earth on a chimney. In the second one, a famous ancient Chinese poet, Wang Bo is astonished by the heavy smoke poured by chimneys into the air and dirty river polluted by a factory. We are informed that "the autumn river is the same color with the sky".



The drawer is sending a message about the significance of the need for everyone to fight against the danger of environmental pollution. There is no denying that the industry is indications of civilization, progress and development. Unfortunately, as industry develops, so will the number of factories, and the amount of industry pollutants. We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice our blue sky and pure water for the purpose of obtaining a little material gain.



As a consequence, it is imperative for us to take drastic actions. On the one hand, the factories should be equipped with devices which can dispose of waste gas and water in a bid to prevent them from polluting our planet. On the other hand, there should be an increasingly loud voice from the public for firm measures against poisonous gas sent off and unhealthy water polluted by factories.



第五节 一图写作



一、复习计划：



1、考前复习：



1）攻克词汇：



2）精研真题：词汇、句子结构、选项设置、英译汉、背诵



3）适当模考：至少模考三次



2、写作练习：



3、时间分配：



1）14：00－14：15 写作A节



2）14：15－14：50 写作B节



3）14：50－16：00 阅读A节



4）16：00－16：20 完型填空



5）16：20－16：40 阅读B节



6）16：40－17：00 阅读C节



二、一图写作：



（一）2005年高分作文：



This picture reveals a not-uncommonphenomenon of how elders are treated by their grown-up children in some of the families in China. When they are too old to take care of themselves, the elders become burdens to be kicked around by their sons and daughters like a football, a pitiful and unjust sight that will arouse indignation among many Chinese.



As a nation renowned in the world for many of its virtues, the Chinese people have been practicing filial piety throughout history. Many much-told stories reiterate this time-honored virtue of loving and respecting the elders, like the story of Ti Ying in the West Han Dynasty who risked her life in order to save her wronged father from corporal punishment.



Those who tried every means to avoid their duty of looking after their elders should bear in mind that they are much indebted to their parents for their birth and growth. Without the loving care and unrelenting work of their parents, how could they have grown up healthy and successful? How could it possible for them to go about without the pricks of conscience?



Everyone of us should live up to the virtues passed down to us by our ancestors Only in this way can we be worthy of the name of a Chinese.







（二）青少年犯罪：



Directions: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should



　　1) describe the cartoon briefly;



　　2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by it, and



3) give your point of view.



青少年犯罪低龄化



The cartoonvividly illustrates a gang of youngsters, holding axes in their hands, are rushing to fight with others. The caption reads, "Juvenile delinquency is increasingly lower than normal age."



Careful deliberation of this problem has given me several ideas as to why this should be so. To begin with, with the rising divorce rate, some children are not properly taken care of, and are easily led astray by evildoers. What is more, devoid of the nourishment of education and a school environment, the teenagers failing in various entrance examinations become full of resentment at a society which they feel has rejected them. Lat but not least, inexperienced and gullible young people plunge into the illusory world of electric games, on-line chat or even pornography. Such alienation from proper social values is the slippery slope to crime.



It is my view that, first of all, the whole of society should attach great importance to the sound growth of youngsters. Furthermore, proper guidance and protection of adults and schools are vital to teenagers. To sum up, if we exert every effort, the juvenile crime rate will undoubtedly be brought down and effectively controlled in a short while.







三、图表作文



（一）真题透视：



1、1997：



Directions:



Interpret the following pictures.



Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give your reasons.







2、1999：



1) effect of the country's growing population on its wildlife



2) possible reason for the effect



3) your suggestion for wildlife protection











（二）经典范文：2001大纲样题：



Directions:



Wide spread tobacco consumption has led to grave consequences, yet the tobacco companies are still claiming that they make a valuable contribution to the world economy.



There is a discussion in the newspaper on the above two viewpoints.



Write an essay to the newspaper



Criticizing the view of the tobacco company and



Justifying your stand.



In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the pictures printed below.



The majority of people would agree that cigarette smoking has cause serious problems. Yet the tobacco corporations insist that they contribute greatly to the world economy by paying taxes to the government and employing hundreds of workers.



Personally, I assume that cigarette production and consumption threatens to do more harm than good. To begin with, smoking is responsible for many fatal diseases such as lung cancer, heart attacks, to name only a few. According to the recent survey, tobacco consumers account for about 20% of the world population, and among them, three million people die from smoking-related illnesses every year. The fact that the output of tobacco production is reduced from 14.364 billion pounds in 1994 to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995 also indicates that people have come to realize the negative effects of smoking. In addition, tobacco consumption is extremely wasteful of money. As is indicated in the pictures, 200 billion US dollars is due to smoking every year. Obviously, the total loss of money around the globe substantially exceeds the gain in industry.



In conclusion, as the economic development aims at making our life better, we cannot sacrifice our health for short-term financial benefits. If we have to spend more and ore money providing medical services for those who suffer from smoking-related illnesses, the notion of promoting economy via tobacco production is not justifiable. It is high time that we fought for the total tobacco ban.







四、课后复习：



1、通读教材、消化笔记：《2008考研英语高分写作》，王江涛编著，群言出版社



2、十遍精读、背诵、默写、中译英、写作



3、总结框架、考前模考



五、羽泉《爱自己》：



最孤独的时候，不会有人来陪伴你；



最伤心的时候，也没有人来安慰你；



只有你自己，经历着一些必经的经历；



只有你自己，才能回答一些生命中的难题！



相信自己！永不放弃！

关键字:考研英语

生词表: