38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ________.



[A] who are at the bottom of the society



[B] who are higher up in their social status



[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors



[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world



39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ________.



[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors



[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees



[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities



[D] take the fundamental realities for granted



40. The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ________.



[A] approval



[B] dissatisfaction



[C] suspicion



[D] tolerance



Text 3



When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.



A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.



Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.



The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent's normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.



Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor's right is to plagiarize a dead patent.



Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.



Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.



41. The passage is mainly about ________.



[A] an approach to patents



[B] the application for patents



[C] the use of patents



[D] the access to patents



42. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?



[A] When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.



[B] It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.



[C] A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.



[D] One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office.



43. George Valensi's patent lasted until 1971 because ________.



[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time



[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time



[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes



[D] the colour TV receiver was not available until that time



44. The word "plagiarize" (line 8, Para. 5) most probably means "________."



[A] steal and use



[B] give reward to



[C] make public



[D] take and change



45. From the passage we learn that ________.



[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice



[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago



[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one



[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patents



Section III Close Test



For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (15 points)



Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be __46__ in a single large building.



The importance of interior design becomes __47__ when we realize how much time we __48__ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be __49__ attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect __50__ place to be appropriate to its use. You would be __51__ if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look __52__ the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn't feel __53__ in a business office that has the appearance of a school.



It soon becomes clear that the interior designer's most important basic __54__ is the function of the particular __55__. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and __56__ few entries and exits will not work for __57__ purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be __58__. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of __59__. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. __60__ addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.



46. [A] consisted



[B] contained



[C] composed



[D] comprised



47. [A] obscure



[B] attractive



[C] appropriate



[D] evident



48. [A] spend



[B] require



[C] settle



[D] retain



49. [A] so



[B] as



[C] thus



[D] such



50. [A] some



[B] any



[C] this



[D] each



51. [A] amused



[B] interested



[C] shocked



[D] frightened



52. [A] like



[B] for



[C] at



[D] into



53. [A] correct



[B] proper



[C] right



[D] suitable



54. [A] care



[B] concern



[C] attention



[D] intention



55. [A] circumstance



[B] environment



[C] surroundings



[D] space



56. [A] too



[B] quite



[C] a



[D] far



57. [A] their



[B] its



[C] those



[D] that



58. [A] painted



[B] covered



[C] ornamented



[D] decorated



59. [A] solutions



[B] conclusions



[C] decisions



[D] determinations



60. [A] For



[B] In



[C] As



[D] With



Section IV Error-detection and Correction



Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)



EXAMPLE:



A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition which [C] they saw [D] many new products.



Answer [C] is wrong because the sentence should read, "A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products." So you should choose [C] and write the correction "where" on the line.



Sample Answer



[A] [B] [●] [D] where



61. He cannot tell the difference between true [A] praise and flattering [B] statements making [C] only to gain [D] his favor.



62. They want to expose those educational [A] disadvantaged students to creative, enriching [B] educational experiences [C] for a five-year [D] period.



63. The changes that took [A] place in air travel during [B] the last sixty years would have seemed [C] completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at [D] the turn of the 19th century.



64. I don't think it [A] advisable that he will be assigned [B] to the job since he has no [C] experience whatsoever [D].



65. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote [A] nine symphonies in his life, most of them were written [B] after he had lost [C] his hearing [D].



66. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame [A] his secretary for [B] the mistake, for [C] he later discovered [D] it was his own fault.



67. As for [A] the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen [B] the results more clearly than in the U.S. [C], which really have surprised [D] us all.



68. At times [A], more care goes into [B] the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than the writing [C] of features [D] and editorials.



69. It is required by law that a husband have to pay [A] the debts of his wife until [B] formal notice is given that [C] he no longer has to pay her [D].



70. Over [A] the years, a large number of overseas students have studied [B] at that university in the result [C] that it has [D] acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.



Section V English-Chinese Translation



Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15 points)



(71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.



You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.



There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere's plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind, though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.



Section VI Writing



DIRECTIONS:



[A] Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV



[B] Time limit: 40 minutes



[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)



[D] Your composition should be based at the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: "Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen."



[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)



OUTLINE:



1. Present state



2. Reasons



3. My comments







参考答案:



Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)



1. [D] 2. [C] 3. [C] 4. [C] 5. [B]



6. [D] 7. [D] 8. [A] 9. [A] 10. [B]



11. [C] 12. [C] 13. [A] 14. [B] 15. [D]



16. [A] 17. [B] 18. [A] 19. [A] 20. [D]



21. [D] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A]



26. [B] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [B] 30. [B]



Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)



31. [B] 32. [C] 33. [C] 34. [B] 35. [D]



36. [C] 37. [D] 38. [D] 39. [C] 40. [B]



41. [D] 42. [C] 43. [B] 44. [A] 45. [A]



Section III: Cloze Test (15 points)



46. [B] 47. [D] 48. [A] 49. [B] 50. [D]



51. [C] 52. [A] 53. [C] 54. [B] 55. [D]



56. [A] 57. [B] 58. [D] 59. [C] 60. [B]



Section IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)



61. [C] made 62. [A] educationally



63. [A] have taken 64. [B] (should) be assigned



65. [B] written 66. [A] having blamed



67. [B] have we seen 68. [C] into the writing



69. [D] to pay them 70. [C] with the result



Section V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)



71. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。



72. 这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。



73. 你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。



74. 许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。



75. 在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上是完全一样的。



Section VI: Writing (15 points)



76. 参考范文（略）

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