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neither 两者中任意一者都不
42. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression B reaction C comment D opinion
reaction n. 反应； reaction to 对…作出反应。
43. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.
A finish what I did B finished what I did
C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing
as soon as所引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态搭配有一种情况是主从句都用一般过去时。
45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A benefits B affects C guides D effects
affect vt. 影响； effect n. 影响。
46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?
A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of
in relation to 与…相比； in contrast to 与…形成对照；
in excess of 超过，超出（一定的限定范围）； in favor of 赞同，支持。
47. Children are very curious _D_.
A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature
at heart 在心理，在内心； heart 强调的是内心的感情，mind 强调的是思维，头脑，soul 灵魂
in person 亲自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。
48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.
A objected to having B were objected to have
C objected to have D were objected to having
58. The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.
A have told B having told C being told D be told
confess v. 忏悔； confess to 承认，坦白。
49. The teacher doesn't permit _C_ in class.
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke
permit v. 允许，准许； permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事； permit doing 允许做某事。
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21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.
A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel
22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.
A all the information B all the informations
C all of information D all of the informations
23. Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.
A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived
24. Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. [参与，参加]
A conservative B content C confident D generous
conservative adj. 保守的； conservative party 保守党； content adj. 甘愿的，满足的；
confident adj. 自信的，有信心的； generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的。
25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.
A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied
maintain 坚持认为； medium n. 媒体单数，media n. 媒体复数；
grant vt. 授予，给予； imply vt. 隐含，暗示； exaggerate v. 夸大，夸张，高估；
remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正。
26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. [victims 受害人]
A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded
27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 动名词]
A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard
28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.
A curiosity B status C determination D significance
status n. 身份，地位； significance n. 意义，重要性；
29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.
A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate
accurate adj. 精确的； urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的； excessive adj. 过多的，过度的；
adequate adj. 充足的，足够的。
30. You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.
A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising
31. The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.
A go along with B go back on C go through D go into
go through 经历
32. The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A would present B present C presents D ought to present
suggestion, suggest 所引导的句子都用虚拟语气。 should + （动词原形）
34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.
A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped
suggest + doing也可以
33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A whose B which C that D what
whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.
35. I didn't know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary.
A look out B make out C refer to D go over
look up 查阅； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词；
reference n. 参考书目； reference room 资料室；
36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory. [sufficient 充足的，足够的；grounds 论据；arguments 论点]
A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base
base vt. 以…作基础，基于… which引导从句时，如果从句是介词结尾则介词应在which之前。
on which (he is) to base
37. There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A that B which C in which D whose
sign n. 迹象； fact n. 事实； evidence n. 证据；后面常加同位语从句来说明具体内容。
同位语从句用that（不能省略）引导。
38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. [or else 否则，要不然]
A or else B and then C or so D even so
39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.
A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable
partial adj. 偏袒的，偏爱的（经常与to或towards搭配）
40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures. [figures 数目，数据；extra 额外的，附加的]
A extensive B spare C extra D supreme
41. - "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"
- "I'm sorry. Mr. Williams _A_ to a conference long before then."
A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone
当要表达将来的行为在将来的某时间之前完成用将来完成时，将来完成时结构：will have + p.p.
42. You _D_ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow
C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following
should have + p.p. 本应该； shouldn't have + p.p. 本不应该
43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows
part-time 兼职； full-time 全职； flexible working patterns 弹性工作制； training 培训；
retraining 再培训； take advantage 利用；
44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined
assembled 聚集； secretary 书记。
45. Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.
A include B involve C contain D comprise
involve 引起，与…直接有关
46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least. [the least 最高级]
A with which B for which C of which D which
42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least. [the least 最高级]
A for which B to which C of which D in which
47. In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million. [in the event of 万一，如果]
A face B time C event D course
in the face of 面对； in the time of 在…时期； in the course of 在…期间。
48. The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.
A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work
would rather + 动词原形； would rather + 句子（用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词用一般过去时）
49. _D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her
C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her
如果用although引导则应改成：Although he likes her very much, …
50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [无论是在空格前还是后，如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to]
A within B to C by D at
to a large extent 在很大程度上。
第3课
倒装：倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。
谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。
谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词；2、助动词；3、情态动词。
全部倒装的五条原则：
1. There be句型（表示有）；
2. 以There或now开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go；
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be； Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子；
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。
5. 以状语（常见的是地点状语）开头的句子。
部分倒装的六条原则：
1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装；
nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装；
2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装；
3. as, though表示"尽管"时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装；
系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。
being published 正在被出版； to be published 将要被出版。
此句恢复正常语序应为： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；
常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ；
seldom 难得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。
常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不； on no account 决不；
under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。
5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；（如果only去掉就是全部倒装）
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生； make up for 弥补，补偿； make-up tests 补考（缓考）。
6. 注意两个表达形式：come what may 无论发生什么情况； say what you will 畅所欲言。
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强调句式的补充内容：被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍（阻止）某人做某事。
强调部分本为： it is what that prevents so many …
又因为句中有疑问词，应写为： what is it that prevents so ...
但强调句式在句中作宾语成分，故正确写法为： what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现； rather than + 动词原形；
平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步：
1 找出连接词，2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 动名词（不能加动词原形，不能加句子）。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考虑。
54. Important people don't often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服战胜。
56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.
A rate B speed C pace D growth
pace 节奏； rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。
57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.
A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后，表示实在意思的词前面。
58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A having known B being known C knowing D known
know 没有现在分词；know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配：of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60. I couldn't find _A_, and so I took this one.
A a large enough coat B an enough large coat
C a large coat enough D a coat enough large
enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。
61. I always _B_ what I have said.
A get to B hold to C lead to D see to
本题所有选项中的to都是介词，其后加动词动名词的形式。
hold to 坚守，信守； see to 负责做，处理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）
62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.
A when B then C than D until
no sooner … than 一…就…
63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A what B which C that D whose
evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实，后面都要带同位语从句，且从句用that引导。
64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to，太…而不能…]
A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to
65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.
A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable
guilty adj. 有罪的； be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的； miserable adj. 悲惨的。
66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.
A in B at C during D over
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式。要表达在某典礼（仪式）上用介词at。
at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。
67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose
do you supposed 常做插入语。
68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管； as for 关于，至于]
A As for B Besides C Except D Despite
69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A have B has C having D to have
influence on 对…造成影响，很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。
70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself
hurt oneself 自残； be to + 动词原形，将要做某事；
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41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.
A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.
A and B but C or D an order
and 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成"那么（和）"。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译：
1. 省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2. 祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。
47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.
A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen
43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order
order n. 定购，订单； purchase n. 购买。
45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding
如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的，则时态要选择完成时态。
将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。
solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。
46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.
A take on B get on C put up D look up
take on 承担； take on responsibility 承担责任。
47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one
dinner n. 正餐（多指晚餐）； supper n. 夜宵，晚餐； breakfast n. 早餐； lunch n. 午餐；
brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]
48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.
A inform B informs C informed D has informed
desire v. 要求，表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气， (should) + 动词原形。
其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require.
49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally
not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 vary vi. 变化。
vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。
29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A change B vary C alter D convert
individual n. 个人，个体； individualism n. 个人主义。
44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A alter B shift C transfer D vary
50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.
A before B until C since D when
It + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。
54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A since B when C after D before
51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神]
A in B at C for D on
52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.
A retain B endure C maintain D survive
retain vt. 保持，保留； endure v. 忍受； maintain vt. 维持，保持，坚持认为；
survive vi. 生存； vt. 活过 … （宾语为某种灾难）。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。
42. It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.
A impression B reaction C comment D opinion
reaction n. 反应； reaction to 对…作出反应。
43. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.
A finish what I did B finished what I did
C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing
as soon as所引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态搭配有一种情况是主从句都用一般过去时。
45. We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.
A benefits B affects C guides D effects
affect vt. 影响； effect n. 影响。
46. Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?
A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of
in relation to 与…相比； in contrast to 与…形成对照；
in excess of 超过，超出（一定的限定范围）； in favor of 赞同，支持。
47. Children are very curious _D_.
A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature
at heart 在心理，在内心； heart 强调的是内心的感情，mind 强调的是思维，头脑，soul 灵魂
in person 亲自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。
48. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.
A objected to having B were objected to have
C objected to have D were objected to having
58. The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.
A have told B having told C being told D be told
confess v. 忏悔； confess to 承认，坦白。
49. The teacher doesn't permit _C_ in class.
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke
permit v. 允许，准许； permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事； permit doing 允许做某事。
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21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.
A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel
22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.
A all the information B all the informations
C all of information D all of the informations
23. Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.
A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived
24. Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. [参与，参加]
A conservative B content C confident D generous
conservative adj. 保守的； conservative party 保守党； content adj. 甘愿的，满足的；
confident adj. 自信的，有信心的； generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的。
25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.
A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied
maintain 坚持认为； medium n. 媒体单数，media n. 媒体复数；
grant vt. 授予，给予； imply vt. 隐含，暗示； exaggerate v. 夸大，夸张，高估；
remedy vt. 弥补，补救，修正。
26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. [victims 受害人]
A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded
27. I have no objection _B_ your story again. [object to + 动名词]
A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard
28. The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.
A curiosity B status C determination D significance
status n. 身份，地位； significance n. 意义，重要性；
29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.
A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate
accurate adj. 精确的； urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的； excessive adj. 过多的，过度的；
adequate adj. 充足的，足够的。
30. You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.
A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising
31. The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.
A go along with B go back on C go through D go into
go through 经历
32. The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.
A would present B present C presents D ought to present
suggestion, suggest 所引导的句子都用虚拟语气。 should + （动词原形）
34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.
A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped
suggest + doing也可以
33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A whose B which C that D what
whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.
35. I didn't know the word. I had to _C_ a dictionary.
A look out B make out C refer to D go over
look up 查阅； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查单词；
reference n. 参考书目； reference room 资料室；
36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory. [sufficient 充足的，足够的；grounds 论据；arguments 论点]
A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base
base vt. 以…作基础，基于… which引导从句时，如果从句是介词结尾则介词应在which之前。
on which (he is) to base
37. There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A that B which C in which D whose
sign n. 迹象； fact n. 事实； evidence n. 证据；后面常加同位语从句来说明具体内容。
同位语从句用that（不能省略）引导。
38. I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. [or else 否则，要不然]
A or else B and then C or so D even so
39. It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.
A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable
partial adj. 偏袒的，偏爱的（经常与to或towards搭配）
40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures. [figures 数目，数据；extra 额外的，附加的]
A extensive B spare C extra D supreme
41. - "May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?"
- "I'm sorry. Mr. Williams _A_ to a conference long before then."
A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone
当要表达将来的行为在将来的某时间之前完成用将来完成时，将来完成时结构：will have + p.p.
42. You _D_ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.
A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow
C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following
should have + p.p. 本应该； shouldn't have + p.p. 本不应该
43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.
A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows
part-time 兼职； full-time 全职； flexible working patterns 弹性工作制； training 培训；
retraining 再培训； take advantage 利用；
44. Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined
assembled 聚集； secretary 书记。
45. Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.
A include B involve C contain D comprise
involve 引起，与…直接有关
46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least. [the least 最高级]
A with which B for which C of which D which
42. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least. [the least 最高级]
A for which B to which C of which D in which
47. In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million. [in the event of 万一，如果]
A face B time C event D course
in the face of 面对； in the time of 在…时期； in the course of 在…期间。
48. The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.
A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work
would rather + 动词原形； would rather + 句子（用虚拟语气，句子谓语动词用一般过去时）
49. _D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her
C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her
如果用although引导则应改成：Although he likes her very much, …
50. The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. [无论是在空格前还是后，如果出现了名词extent要找介词就着to]
A within B to C by D at
to a large extent 在很大程度上。
第3课
倒装：倒装有全部倒装和部分倒装。
谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。
谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词；2、助动词；3、情态动词。
全部倒装的五条原则：
1. There be句型（表示有）；
2. 以There或now开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go；
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be； Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子；
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主语是代词则用陈述句语序。
5. 以状语（常见的是地点状语）开头的句子。
部分倒装的六条原则：
1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装；
nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装；
2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装；
3. as, though表示"尽管"时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装；
系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四级考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。
being published 正在被出版； to be published 将要被出版。
此句恢复正常语序应为： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；
常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ；
seldom 难得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。
常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不； on no account 决不；
under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不。
5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；（如果only去掉就是全部倒装）
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生； make up for 弥补，补偿； make-up tests 补考（缓考）。
6. 注意两个表达形式：come what may 无论发生什么情况； say what you will 畅所欲言。
-------------------------1991-06-------------------------
强调句式的补充内容：被强调部分是疑问词时的情况。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨碍（阻止）某人做某事。
强调部分本为： it is what that prevents so many …
又因为句中有疑问词，应写为： what is it that prevents so ...
但强调句式在句中作宾语成分，故正确写法为： what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除构成固定短语外就要与比较级搭配，不会单独出现； rather than + 动词原形；
平行结构，遇到平行结构时应做的两步：
1 找出连接词，2 使要填部分与已给出的对应部分形式完全一样。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 动名词（不能加动词原形，不能加句子）。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 动名词的复合结构。 you keeping 也是正确的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考虑。
54. Important people don't often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占据] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服战胜。
56. Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.
A rate B speed C pace D growth
pace 节奏； rapid pace of modern life现在生活快节奏。
57. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.
A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely
rarely, usually 都是频度副词。通常频度副词的位置在系动词之后，表示实在意思的词前面。
58. The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
A having known B being known C knowing D known
know 没有现在分词；know 用主动形式时只能和两个介词搭配：of, about。
known for 以…而著名。
60. I couldn't find _A_, and so I took this one.
A a large enough coat B an enough large coat
C a large coat enough D a coat enough large
enough 修饰形容词时要放到形容词后面。
61. I always _B_ what I have said.
A get to B hold to C lead to D see to
本题所有选项中的to都是介词，其后加动词动名词的形式。
hold to 坚守，信守； see to 负责做，处理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）
62. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.
A when B then C than D until
no sooner … than 一…就…
63. Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
A what B which C that D whose
evidence 证据、sign 迹象、fact 事实，后面都要带同位语从句，且从句用that引导。
64. He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York. [too … to，太…而不能…]
A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to
65. He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.
A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable
guilty adj. 有罪的； be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的； miserable adj. 悲惨的。
66. The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.
A in B at C during D over
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式。要表达在某典礼（仪式）上用介词at。
at the graduation ceremony 在毕业典礼上。
67. What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose
do you supposed 常做插入语。
68. _D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. [despite prep. 尽管； as for 关于，至于]
A As for B Besides C Except D Despite
69. How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A have B has C having D to have
influence on 对…造成影响，很大的影响中形容词用的是strong。
70. He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.
A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself
hurt oneself 自残； be to + 动词原形，将要做某事；
-------------------------1993-06-------------------------
41. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.
A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
42. Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.
A and B but C or D an order
and 在这里表示一种结果，翻译成"那么（和）"。只有两种情况下and才会这样翻译：
1. 省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2. 祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。
47. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.
A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen
43. I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.
A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order
order n. 定购，订单； purchase n. 购买。
45. By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding
如果一个句子的时间状语是由by引导的，则时态要选择完成时态。
将来的行为在将来的某个时间之前就已完成用将来完成时。
solution to a problem 一个问题的解决方案。
46. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.
A take on B get on C put up D look up
take on 承担； take on responsibility 承担责任。
47. Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.
A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one
dinner n. 正餐（多指晚餐）； supper n. 夜宵，晚餐； breakfast n. 早餐； lunch n. 午餐；
brunch n. 早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]
48. We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.
A inform B informs C informed D has informed
desire v. 要求，表要求时后面加句子要用虚拟语气， (should) + 动词原形。
其他同样用法的词还有ask, demand, request, require.
49. Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.
A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally
not surprisingly 一点也不奇怪。 vary vi. 变化。
vary from … to … 从一种形式变化到另一种形式。vary between … and … 在两者之间进行变化。
29. Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A change B vary C alter D convert
individual n. 个人，个体； individualism n. 个人主义。
44. The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.
A alter B shift C transfer D vary
50. A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.
A before B until C since D when
It + 系动词 + 一段时间 + before引导的句子 在…之前花费多少时间。
54. Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A since B when C after D before
51. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail. [keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神]
A in B at C for D on
52. There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.
A retain B endure C maintain D survive
retain vt. 保持，保留； endure v. 忍受； maintain vt. 维持，保持，坚持认为；
survive vi. 生存； vt. 活过 … （宾语为某种灾难）。 survive a flood 活过一场洪水。
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