科目 英语

　　年级 高一

　　文件　high1 unit23.1.doc

　　标题 Rescuring the Temple

　　章节 第二十三单元

　　关键词 高一英语第二十三单元

　　内容

　　一、教法建议

　　【抛砖引玉】

　　单元双基学习目标

　　Ⅰ . 词汇学习

　　at breakfast , edge , in danger , regularly , mark , face ( v . ) , god , Africa , East Africa , flood , level , figure , date from , rebuild , effort , make a good effort , extra , temple , Egypt , dam , pyramid

　　Ⅱ . 交际英语

　　提供建议

　　1 . There are several thing we could do .

　　2 . Can't we... ?

　　3 . Maybe we could...

　　4 . How about... ?

　　5 . I think we should do that another day .

　　6 . You'd ( we'd ) better...

　　征求意见 What shall we do ?

　　意愿 I'd prefer to do...

　　偏爱 I'd like to do...

　　判断 I think that's a good idea .

　　Ⅲ . 语法学习

　　非限制性定语从句

　　定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

　　限制性定语从句不用逗号和主句分开，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，若省，主句的意思就不完整。

　　I was the only person in the office who was invited .

　　非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句是先行词或整个主句的附加说明，关系不十分密切，若省，主句的意思仍然清楚。

　　He is her father , who is a doctor .

　　关系代词 which 和 as 可以指代它前面整个句子的意思，引导非限制性定语从句。

　　He was late again , which made his teacher angry .

　　As everybody knows , all that glitters is not gold .

　　【指点迷津】

　　一冠之差 意义迥异

　　※定冠词的作用非同小可。

　　1 . go to church 去做礼拜，go to the church 去教堂。如：

　　While going to the church , he met with many people who would go to church .

　　2 . go to hospital 去看病，go to the hospital 去医院。如：

　　Mary went to hospital because she didn't feel well .

　　He went to the hospital to see his sick aunt .

　　3 . go to sea = become a sailor 当水手，go to the sea 到海滨度假。

　　When he was a boy , his greatest wish was to go to sea .

　　It's windy and we can't go to the sea . That's a pity .

　　4 . out of question 毫无疑问，out of the question 不可能，办不到的，不必谈的。如：

　　He is an honest man and his honesty is out of question .

　　He is too young . It is out of the question for him to support a large family .

　　5 . in front of 在 ( 某范围外的 ) 前面，in the front of 在 ( 某范围内的 ) 前部。如：

　　He is sitting in the front of the classroom , reading a foreign novel while the others are playing football in front of the teaching building .

　　6 . take place 发生，take the place of 取代，代替。如：

　　Mr . Jin , who will take the place of Mike , knows how . the accident take place .

　　※ 不定冠词不可忽视。

　　1 . at a time 每次，一次，at times 有时，不时。如：

　　Please pass me the bricks two at a time .

　　At college we had a class - meeting at times .

　　2 . have a word with sb . 与......谈话，have words with sb . 与......争吵。如：

　　Can I have a word with you ?

　　He is a cross man . He often has words with his neighbours .

　　3 . on fire 失火，on a fire 在火上。如：

　　They are eating something that were cooked on a fire .

　　4 . take a turn 兜一圈，take turns 依次，轮流。如：

　　They took a turn in the park on a bike and went home .

　　They take turns to look after the old lady .

　　二、学海导航

　　【学法指要】

　　单元重点词汇点拨

　　1 . level 水平线；水平

　　The mountain is 8000 feet above sea level . 此山海拔高度为8000英尺。

　　2 . effort 努力，艰难的尝试

　　He made an effort to finish his work . 他努力完成他的工作。

　　I'll make every effort to help you . 我将尽力帮助你。

　　Tom made a big effort to move the rock . 汤姆花了很大的劲去搬那块大石头。

　　3 . extra 额外的，外加的

　　I must buy extra bread because friends are coming to tea . 我必须再买些面包，因为朋友们要来吃茶点。

　　I don't suppose they want any extra help . 我认为他们不需要额外的帮助。

　　Dinner costs ￡ 3 , and wine is extra . 饭钱是三英磅，酒钱另加。

　　4 . flood 洪水 ( 常用复数 ) ( 使 ) 淹没；泛滥

　　When the water went down again after the floods , a lot of rich soil was left in the fields .

　　The river was in flood .

　　First , the River Nile used to flood large areas at the same time every day .

　　In Egypt , the Nile used to flood every year .

　　Our street floods whenever we have rain .

　　5 . mark 标明；作记号于 ( 常与 with 连用 ) 记号；标记

　　... each stone was marked with a number .

　　mark one's clothes with one's name

　　a horse with a white mark on its head

　　6 . face 面向；朝向

　　Inside the temple is a row of stone animals , which face the rising sun .

　　Turn round and face me .

　　The building faces north / towards the north .

　　7 . regularly 规则地；经常地

　　The new dam controls the waters of the Nile so that they now run regularly all through the year .

　　Take the medicine regularly three times a day .

　　We meet regularly to discuss business .

　　单元词组思维运用

　　1 . be on holiday 在度假；休假

　　2 . at breakfast 早餐时；在吃早饭

　　She was at breakfast when I called her yesterday .

　　3 . feel like ( doing ) sth . 想 / 愿意做某事

　　I don't feel like ( drinking ) beer tonight .

　　4 . on the edge of 在......边的缘

　　The temple is on the edge of the lake that has been made by the dam .

　　Don't put that glass on the edge of the table ; it might fall off .

　　2 . rise by... 增加 / 提高 / 升高了...；以...的幅度升高 / 提高

　　rise to 增加 / 提高 / 升高到...

　　As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake was going to rise

　　The water level rose to 63 meters .

　　6 . in danger 在危险中

　　These temples were in danger .

　　He had a car accident . His life is in danger .

　　注：在in danger 这一词组中不能加不定冠词 a，因为 danger 是作为不可数名词，但在 danger 前可以加上 no 或 great 和形容词构成 in no danger , in great danger 等词组，in danger 的反义词组是 out of danger。

　　These two countries are at war . Their people are in great danger .

　　Don't worry about your son . He is out of danger now .

　　7 . date from ( = date back to ) 属于 ( 某一历史时期 ) ；始于 ( 某一历史时期 )

　　...there dress dates from the 19th century .

　　My interest in stamp collecting dates from my school days .

　　8 . in all ( = in total ) 总共

　　In all , 1 , 700 workers and 200 other people worked on the project .

　　There were 20 people in all in the party .

　　9 . make a ( n ) ... effort to do sth . 尽力做某事

　　Please make an effort to arrive early .

　　The prisoner made no effort to escape .

　　The people made a good effort to work on the project .

　　10 . interesting places - places of interest 游览胜地

　　There are plenty of interesting places to visit in my hometown .

　　11 . in groups 分组地，成群结队地

　　They were discussing the plan for their trip in groups .

　　12 . stone by stone 一块石头一块石头地

　　13 . all through - 在整个......时期中，自始至终，在整个......范围内

　　The baby cried all through the night .

　　There was silence all through the room . 屋里一片沉默。 ( 表示范围 )

　　14 . rush through - 掠过， ( 使 ) 快速通过；匆忙做完

　　Electricity can now be made from the water which rushes through the base of the dam . 从水坝底部急速流出的水现在可用来发电。

　　A strange idea rushed through my mind .

　　I had to rush through breakfast in order to catch my train .

　　15 . at the base - 在底部

　　We camped at the base foot of the mountain .

　　He built a house at the base of the mountain .

　　16 . at the top - 在顶部；居首位

　　It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top . 它 ( 水坝 ) 底部宽980米，顶部宽40米。

　　The tree grows up straight and thin , with branches at the top .

　　He is at the top of his class . 他在班上名列前茅。

　　17 . as a result of - 由于......；因......的结果

　　As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake rose by 63 metres . 由于这座坝 ( 筑坝的结果 ) ，使该湖的水位上升了63米。

　　As a result of the forest , the cold wind reduced its power .

　　注意①as a result of 是个介词短语，与其意义及用法相同的是"as the result of"，但 as a result of 用得较多些。

　　②as a result 意为"结果，因此"，在句中作插入语。如：

　　The workers worked harder than ever . As a result , the output of the iron and steel company went up rapidly .

　　18 . from across... - 从......的对面

　　Today you can either fly to Abu Simbel or you can take a boat from across the lake . 今天你既可以乘飞机去阿布辛波古庙，也可以从湖的对岸乘小船过去。

　　I saw you first from across the street .

　　He said hello to me from across the room .

　　19 . make a good effort - 作很大的努力

　　I will make a good effort to help you .

　　The wounded soldier made a good effort to stand up .

　　单元难点疑点思路明晰

　　1 . The dam , which is the biggest in the world , is 3 , 830 metres long . It is 980 metres wide at the base and 40 metres wide at the top . 这座水坝是世界上最大的一座，长3，830米，底部宽980米，顶部宽40米。

　　表示计量的句型的常用结构形式："主 + 谓 + 数词 + 表示单位的名词 + 形容词"用来表示"某物有多长 ( 宽、深、高 ) 等，又如：

　　The wall is three metres high .

　　The stick is five inches long .

　　The hole is seven feet deep .

　　The river is half a mile wide .

　　The boy is eight years old .

　　2 . Can't we visit the High Dam ? 我们去看大坝好吗 ?

　　以否定形式提问的疑问句叫否定疑问句，这种疑问句包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的结构。句中的 not 可以和有关的 be , have 以及助动词、情态动词结合，构成～n't 形式放在主语之前。

　　一般否定疑问句往往①表示怀疑、惊讶、责备。②邀请或征求意见等意义，实质上它具有强烈的"肯定"意味。问者希望对方给以肯定的答复。又如：

　　Can't you come over and join us ? 你就不能过来和我们作伴吗 ? ( 表示征求意见 )

　　Won't you sit down . 请坐。 ( 表示邀请 )

　　Can't you ( really ) ride a bicycle ?

　　你 ( 真的 ) 不会骑自行车吗 ? ( 惊讶，不相信 )

　　Can't you shut the door behind you ? 你难道不能随手关门吗 ? ( 责备，不期望得到回答 )

　　Don't you remember that holiday we had in Beijing ? 难道你不记得我们在北京的度假吗 ? ( 惊讶 )

　　Won't you help me ? 难道你不会帮助我吗 ? ( 表示不相信 )

　　Mustn't we leave now ? 难道我们现在一定不能走吗 ? ( 表示惊讶，不相信 )

　　Haven't you forgotten something ? 难道你们没忘记什么吗 ?

　　Haven't we cleaned the room already ? 难道我们没有把房间打扫干净 ?

　　3 . As a result of the dam , the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63 metres . 由于兴建水坝，湖面将会提高63米。

　　by 在此处表示增减程度。如：

　　He is older by five years than Tom .

　　The price has been increased by 2 yuan .

　　Production fell by about one - third .

　　Line AB is by 4 feet longer than Line CD .

　　My father missed the train by three minutes .

　　4 . It was carved in the rock and had on the outside four large stone figures , each of which was 20 metres high . 这座庙凿雕在岩石中，外边有四尊大型石雕像，每个高20米。

　　①句中的 each of which was 20 metres high 是一个非限制性从句。句中 had 的宾语是 four large stone figures . 把状语 on the outside 放在宾语前，是为了强调石像的位置。each 是个代词，each of which = each of the four figures。这种定语从句是由"名词 ( 代词或数词 ) + 介词 + 关系代词"来引导的。又如：

　　In his house there are three rooms . each of which has a bed .

　　They lived in a house , the door of which opens to the south .

　　China has hundreds of island , the largest of which is Taiwan .

　　These books , two of which I have read , are interesting .

　　②除了 of which 外，还有 of whom 这种句型。即："名词 / 代词 / 数词 + of whom。"

　　There are around 100 teachers in our school , most of whom are women .

　　These girls , the youngest of whom is my sister , will dance a waltz for us .

　　Her brothers , both of whom ( three of whom ) work in Scotland , ring her up every week .

　　③除了上述所举的名词、代词、数词外，some , all , none , several , few 等词都可接 of + which / whom 的句型。

　　5 . Then anyone who wants to can go for a walk round Aswan after the boat trip . 那么，想乘船去的人，就可以在乘船旅游后到阿斯旺各处去走走。

　　①句中的 who wants to 是个定语从句，用来修饰 anyone。

　　②to 后面省掉了前面提到的"to take a boat on River Nile . "英语中有些动词，如：want , hope , like 等之后，为了行文简洁，避免重复 嗦，往往用 to 来代表不定式或不定式短语的内容。又如：

　　I went there because I wanted to . ( to = to go there )

　　I meant to go but forgot to . ( to = to go )

　　If you'd like to .

　　6 . All the visitors who go there believe that it was right that the temple was rescued . 去那儿参观的人都认为拯救这座古庙是做得对的。

　　①这是一个复合句。主句是 All the visitor...believe... , 主句的主语 visitors 后跟一个定语从句 who go there 来修饰主语。主句谓语动词 believe 后又跟一个较长的由连词 that 引起的宾语从句...that it was right that the temple was rescued . 在这个宾语从句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是第二个 that 引导的从句 the temple was rescued。

　　②it is right 可接 that 从句，也可接不定式短语 to，也可接"for + 代词 ( 名词 ) + "不定式"的复合不定式三种句型。例如：

　　It was right that the temple was rescued . = It was right to rescue the temple = It was right for us to rescue the temple .

　　【妙文赏析】

　　A Stranger's Gift

　　When a man named Vengalil Menon ( 1897 - 1974 , Minister of National Defence of India from 1957 to 1962 ) first arrived in New Delhi , India , to look for a job in government , all his possessions ( 财物 ) were stolen at the railway station . He would have to return home on foot , defeated . In desperation ( 绝望 ) he turned to an elderly gentleman , explained his troubles , and asked for a loan of 15 rupees ( 借15个卢比 ) . The gentleman gave him the money . When Menon asked for an address so that he could later pay back the rupees , the gentleman wouldn't give it . He said the help had come from a stranger , and was to be repaid ( 偿还 ) to a stranger . Menon never forgot that debt and eventually earned a reputation ( 名望 ) for his charity ( 慈善 ) work .

　　Some time ago I was in the Bombay Airport ( 孟买机场 ) at the baggagecounter , trying to get back my bags . But I had no Indian money left , and the man would not accept a traveller's check . A stranger standing beside me paid the fee for me - about 89 cents . He then told me the story of Menon in refusing my attempt ( 尝试 ) to find out how to repay him . His father , he explained , had been Menon's asistant .

　　From a nameless gentleman to an Indian civil servant ( 公务员 ) to his assistant to the assisant's son and to me , a foreigner in a moment of trouble , though the gift was not of great value , its giver's spirit is priceless .

　　【思维体操】

　　下面的句子都需要用"走"的英译，请你试一试：

　　1 . I see you're today .

　　2 . This please . 请这边走。

　　3 . We with our feet . 我们用脚走路。

　　4 . He by me . 他从我身旁走过。

　　5 . this road to the corner . 沿这条街走到拐角。

　　6 . He wanted to Tom from school . 他想把汤姆从学校撵走。

　　7 . The clock well . 这钟走时很准。

　　8 . My watch has . 我的表不走了。

　　9 . He was by water . 他被水冲走了。

　　10 . Remember to take your book when you . 走时别忘了把你的书带走。

　　11 . It would be necessary to 53 , 000 people from their villages . 这就需要把53，000 人从他们所住的村庄迁走。

　　12 . You I will catch up with you . 你先走，我一会儿来追你。

　　13 . The wind my hat off . 风把我的帽子吹走了。

　　14 . As the guests out of the car , we to greet them . 来宾从车里走了出来，我们走上前去迎接。

　　15 . I must through the night . 我得走一夜。

　　16 . He jumped on his bicycle and . 他跳上自行车就骑走了。

　　17 . Can you tell me to the museum , please ? 请问到博物馆怎么走 ?

　　18 . I must now . 我现在该走了。

　　答案：1 . on foot 2 . way 3 . walk 4 . passed 5 . Follow 6 . send , away 7 . works 8 . stopped 9 . washed 10 . take , leave 11 . more 12 . go on / ahead 13 . blew 14 . stopped , came up 15 . travel 16 . rode away 17 . the way 18 . be off 或 be leaving

　　三、智能显示

　　【心中有数】

　　单元语法发散思维

　　学习定语从句应注意的几个问题

　　①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词是用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。

　　The boy who lives in the next door swims very well .

　　The students who are in Class Three are now doing experiment .

　　②引导定语从句的关系副词可以用"介词 + which"来代替。例如：

　　Is this the house in which ( = where ) they left .

　　③当定语从句中的谓语动词是带介词或副词的短语动词时，不可把短语动词的各个部分拆开。例如：

　　Those are the children whom Aunt Li is looking after .

　　The house which you are looking for is at the other end of the street .

　　④注意介词与关系代词的位置：介词在关系代词前时，只能用 which 和 whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾时，关系代词可用 which , that , whom , who，且可省略。例如：

　　This is the drawer in which I put my letters .

　　= This is the drawer ( which ) I put my letters in .

　　Have you seen the pen with which I wrote letters this morning ?

　　= Have you seen the pen ( which ) I wrote letters with this morning ?

　　Is he Li Ping to whom you talked after lunch ?

　　= Is he Li Ping ( whom ) you talked to after lunch ?

　　⑤关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分，注意在从句中避免句子成分的重复出现。例如：

　　The woman that you saw her in the park is our English teacher ( 错 )

　　The woman that you saw in the park is our English teacher . ( 对 )

　　This is the classroom where we have our classes in . (错 )

　　This is the classroom where we have our class . ( 对 )

　　【动手动脑】

　　单元能力立体检测

　　填入适当的介词，完成句子。

　　1 . ______ what reason did you force him to leave ?

　　2 . Marx wrote articles in English ______ an American newspaper .

　　3 . He was highly praised ______ his good work .

　　4 . It rained so much that there was enough grass ______ sheep and cows .

　　5 . Who suggested the plan ______ our trip ?

　　6 . He was already ______ his sixties in the 1920's .

　　7 . Does the church play an important part ______ people's lives there ?

　　8 . Is the bridge ______ danger because of the flood ?

　　9 . The temple at Abu Simbel was carved ______ the rock .

　　10 . Do you have any problem ______ English pronunciation ?

　　11 . The speech began with a famous poem and closed ______ a well-known old saying .

　　12 . They are having a friendly talk ______ each other .

　　13 . Each room is marked ______ a number .

　　14 . It is thought that the old temple dated ______ the year of 1806 .

　　15 . Almost half of the electricity they need is produced ______ the Nile .

　　16 . The big stones were moved one ______ one to the new place for the temple .

　　17 . We were told that the price had risen ______ 50%

　　18 . What do you know the people there mainly live ______ ?

　　19 . In all , two thousand young men worked ______ the project .

　　20 . It is strange that the tower is two metres wide ______ the base and five metres wide at the top .

　　答案与简析：1 . For . for...reason 是固定搭配，意为"因......原因"。2 . for . write articles for...意为"为 / 给......撰稿"，write to...表示"给......写信"。3 . for , praise sb . for... 意为"因......表扬某人"。4 . for . 意为"对于"，这是 for 的一个常用意思"。5 . for , plan for...意为"......的计划"。6 . in . in one's sixties 表示"六十多岁"。7 . in . play a part in...是固定短语，意为"在......中起作用"。8 . in . in danger / trouble / difficulty 均为介词短语，in 表示"处于......之中"；9 . in。阿布辛波的那座寺庙凿雕在岩石中，这是事实。10 . with。表示"问题 / 毛病"意义的词，如 the matter , problem , trouble , difficulty , wrong 等之后常接 with , with 说明谁或什么有问题 / 毛病。11 . with . close with...是固定搭配，意为"以......结束"。12 . with . 意为"与，同"。13 . with . be marked with...意为"标着......"。类似的有 be filled with ( 装着 ) ，be covered with ( 盖着 ) 等。14 . from . date from 是固定搭配，意为"始于"。15 . from。表示来源，意为"从"。16 . by . one by one 意为"一个一个地"。17 . by。表示增 / 减的程度。18 . on . live on...表示"以......为生"。19 . on . work on 意为"从事于"。20 . at , at the base 如同 at the bottom / end / foot .

　　【创新园地】

　　请用适当的完成下列句子，使上下意思不变。

　　1 . He went to high school and then went on with his studies at university .

　　He ______ his studies at a university ______ high school .

　　2 . The box is so heavy that nobody can move it away .

　　It is ______ a ______ box that nobody can move it away .

　　3 . Yang Mei is talking with her teacher .

　　Yang Mei ______ her teacher ______ ______ a talk .

　　4 . I'm British , but I'm not English .

　　I'm ______ ______ , but I'm not ______ ______ .

　　5 . It lies to the north of England . It ______ to the north of England .

　　6 . I don't know , he doesn't know , either .

　　______ I ______ he ______ .

　　7 . Potatoes rot away in the soil .

　　Potatoes ______ ______ in the soil .

　　8 . The Irish like music and poems very much .

　　The Irish ______ very ______ ______ music and poems .

　　9 . The Whites are spending their holidays in Egypt .

　　The Whites ______ are ______ in Egypt .

　　10 . I'd like to go shopping .

　　I'd like to ______ ______ shopping .

　　11 . The project went on for 4 years and took one billion US dollars .

　　The project ______ 4 years and _______ one billion US dollars .

　　12 . I would like to have a drink .

　　I ______ ______ ______ a drink .

　　答案：1 . continued , after 2 . such , heavy 3 . and , are having 4 . from Britain from England 5 . is 6 . Neither , nor , knows 7 . went bad 8 . are , fond of 9 . family , on holiday 10 . do some 11 . lasted , cost 12 . feel like having