外研版 选修6 模块3 语言点
Study the notes to the difficult sentences:
1. Roy laughed too, a loud happy laugh. 罗伊也笑了，高声地幸福地笑了。Laughed a loud happy laugh是同源宾语。 同源宾语在结构上与某些及物动词有关联，以名词形式重复动词的全部或部分意义，是一种特殊的直接宾语。例如：I dream a good dream. 同源宾语只是一种习惯用法，并非任何动词都可以接同源宾语。另外，有的同源宾语只是重复动词的意义，从词源角度来看两个词并不同源。如：She only slept a wink last night.
2. …but my father had been offered a better job in London, …我父亲在伦敦得到一份工作。句中offer是双宾语的及物动词，主动式是offer sb sth， 构成 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 句式。 在此句式中， V 是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有 give ， ask ， bring ， offer ， send ， pay ， lend ， show ， tell ， buy ， get 等。例如：He gave me a book/a book to me ．他给我一本书。 He brought me a pen/a pen to me ．他带给我一枝钢笔。
3. I felt shy and lonely at my new school. 我在新的学校感到腼腆，孤独。句子中的feel是半系动词。又如：This may seem strange to you. 句子中的seem也是半系动词。半系动词有：seem, look, feel, smell, sound, stand, keep (stand, keep 这两个动词也可以用作系动词，如stand still (站住，不许动！), keep fit (保持身体健康)，remain (如：remain modest保持谦虚)，还有stay（如：stay happily married/保持快乐的婚姻）。
4. We trusted each other and we could talk about personal matters, things that were important to us.我们相互信赖，可以谈些私事，就是对我们重要的事情。句中逗号后面thins是matters的同位语。请看同位语的构成：1）名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）：George Bush，the present American president，was the governor of the state of Texas． I want very much to read these new novels，especially the one you mentioned．2）动名词短语（有逗号隔开）：He enjoys the exercise，swimming in winter．Asking him to join us，that's a good idea．3）不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开）：There is one thing he'll never do—tell lies．The question what to do next hasn't been considered．4）形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开） ：He，short and thin，is unfit for the job．All the countries，big or small，are equal．5）介词短语（有时有逗号隔开）：As the head of the company，he had to explain what had happened．＝He，the head of the company，had to ex- plain what had happened． 6）名词性从句（其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词the）。这样的先行词有fact，news，truth，knowledge， idea，hope，question，problem，assumption等。例如： You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike． They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30kilometers away．
5. Roy, who had always been very close to his father, changed completely, becoming silent and moody. 罗伊，和他父亲关系很好，完全变了，变的沉默和抑郁了。句中who引导的是非限制性定语。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
6. Absorb information concerning National College Entrance Examination:
课文最后一句 At that moment, the door swung open, and Roy walked in.中swung 是半系动词，后接形容词open 作表语。请看：
高考原题中的形容词用法
1.When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions. (2004广西)
A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable
2. That doesn't sound very frightening, Paul, I've seen _____. What did you like most about the film? (2004湖南)
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
3. In ___________ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. (2004上海)
A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial
4. John is the tallest boy in the class, _______ according to himself. (2005安徽)
A. Jive foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight
C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as
5.What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _____ it is long. (2005湖北)
A．half not as wide as B．wide not as half as
C．not half as wide as D．as wide as not half
6. David has won the first prize in singing; he is
生词表: