3.
Reading:

1.What so you think adventure travel is?
do you think 插入语
When do you think they will be back?
2.People also travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life in other part of the world or simply to get away from the cold weather.
simply 只是，仅仅；简单的，简朴的
It’s simply a question a of time.
She answered him simply.
She is simply dressed.
3.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to hiking.
instead of =in place of 代替
instead & instead of
instead替代，而不(后接名词、代词、动名词、介词短语)，为复杂介词。instead of 不是，而是，置于句首或句末，为副词。
He gave me an English book instead of a Chinese book.
=He didn’t give me a Chinese book, instead he gave me an English book.
He walked home instead of taking a taxi.
=He didn’t take a taxi, instead he walked home.
try hiking 试一试徒步旅行
try doing sth 试着去做某事
try to do sth 尽力去做某事，不论成功与否
manage to do sth 尽力去做某事，并且成功了
He tried to finish the work without little help.
He managed to finish the work without little help.
---Will you come tonight?
---Yes, I will try/manage.
4.Hiking is a great way to travel.
the way to do/of doing
I have thought of a simple way to work out/of working out this problem.
5.You will get close to nature and take exercise at the dame time.
get close to 接近 to为介词
They get close to finishing the job.
close & closely
The little boy sat close to his father, and listened closely with great interest.
6.Hiking is easy to do and doesn’t have to be very expensive.
在“主语+系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式一般用主动形式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以不定式应保持及物性，这种结构中的形容词常为easy, difficult, hard, pleasant等。
This question is difficult to answer.
The man is hard to work with.
The room is pleasant to live in.
7.If you want a normal rafting trip, choose a quiet stream or river that is wide and has few fallen trees and rocks.
fallen 在此为过去分词作定语，表示状态，不表示被动。
过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别。
过去分词表示被动概念和动作的完成。
现在分词表示主动概念和动作的进行。
rising sun 正在升起的太阳
broken cup 破碎了的杯子
fallen leaves 落叶（已经落在地上）
falling leaves 落叶（仍悬在空中）
boiling water 沸水（正烧至沸腾的水）
boiled 沸水（已烧开的水）
8.You have to be careful not to hit rocks, trees, and other dangers.
danger 危险 （抽象名词具体化）
In war, life is full of danger.
Smoking is a danger to health.
9.The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in those streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.
句中that引导的是同位语从句，说明fact的内容。使用that引导同位语从句时，应注意以下几点：
1)that只起引导从句的作用，不在从句中作任何成份。
2)同位语从句所指的中心词大都是概括性的抽象名词，如fact, news, idea等。
3)同位语从句是用来说明中心词的内容的。
I have no idea that you were here.
We expressed the hope that you would come and visit China again.
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
10. As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.
As with hiking 为省略用法，相当于As is the case with hiking, as 引导定语从句，带有方式意味，常译为“正如”，其后还可接过去分词，如 as expected
As with running, English needs will.
(2004 北京)
____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
11.You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear life jacket.
unless=if not 如果不，除非……这是一个从属连词，引导条件状语从句。
I will be back this evening unless it rains.
(2001 全国. 春季)
The men will have to wait all day, ____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
在条件状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句主语相同，且从句主语含be 动词，可省略从句主语和动词be, 如果从句主语是it, 谓语动词含 be动词，则it和be都可省略。
He won’t go to the party unless (he is) invited.
You can use my computer if (it is) necessary.
without 含有“如果没有”之意，但它是介词。如上例可改为：
He won’t go to the party without being invited.
生词表: