第四讲 非谓语动词

非谓语动词：包括不定式to do，动名词doing，过去分词done及现在分词doing.

动词不定式：
1.作主语或表语。
1) It is hard _____ a high mountain.(climb)
（不定式作主语，常用it作形式主语。）
2) The only way to reach the edge of the
forest ___ the narrow dirt path in front of us.
A. was to take B. was to taking
C. will take D. was taken
（不定式作表语，常用来说明主语内容。）

2.某些动词后须跟不定式to do作宾语：
e.g. afford, agree, decide, demand, offer, determine, hope, expect, wish, happen, fail, manage, desire,
long(渴望), plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, intend, seem;…

3.某些动词后须用不定式作宾补v.+n.+to do
e.g. advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, choose, drive(驱使), enable, encourage, expect, wish,
force, get, invite, prefer, tell, think, want, warn, order, require, call on, depend on…

4.动词let, have, make, notice, watch, observe,
feel, hear, see, 后用动词原形作宾补. 如改为被动语态，省掉的to要还原。
e.g. I heard Mary sing last night.
Mary was heard to sing last night.

5.某些结构后面要用省to的不定式(即动词原形)：
would/had rather, would you please,
had better, rather than(而不是) …

6.不定式作定语时，与其修饰的名词有主谓关系或动宾关系。
e.g. 1) I haven’t decided which hotel ______.
A.to stay B. to be stayed at
C. to stay at D. for staying

2) The old scientist has been invited to a
party _____ next Monday evening.
A.holding B. held C. to be held D. being held

3) Little Betty found __________.
A.with no one to play B. no one to play with
C. no one to be played with D. no one to play

4) a. Mr Smith is the very doctor ______.
b. Mr Smith is the very doctor for you __.
A. to be sent for B. to send for
C. sending for D. to be sent

7.疑问词+不定式 to do：相当于一个名词从句，常用来作主语，表语，宾语或状语。
e.g. He doesn’t know____ to stay or not.
A. if B. either C. whether D. if he will

Last summer I took a course on _____.
A.how to make dresses
B.how dresses be made
C.how to be made dresses
D.how are dresses made

不定式的省略：
---Did your brother go to the party?
---No, but he _______.
A. planned it B. planned to
C. planned so D. planned

形容词easy, difficult, hard, fit后的动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
e.g. I found the German Language hard _____.
A. to be learned B. to learn
C. learned D. learning


动名词doing的用法:
1.作主语：动名词表一种抽象的和泛指的概念，而不定式表一次性的，具体的动作。
e.g. Swimming is a good exercise.
To swim across that river is possible some day when I grow up.

用在It is no use (good, a waste of time, not an easy task )…和there be no (no use)…结构中。
e.g. It is no good _____ the stable door when
the horse is stolen.
A. closing B. to shut C. locking D. to lock

There is no use ______ him at this hour.
A.to call B. called C. to ring D. calling

2.作宾语：某些动词后只跟动名词作宾语。
admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, fancy(爱好), suggest, excuse(原谅),
finish, mind, miss, practise, allow，risk（冒险）, advise, give up…

3.有些动词后即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但意义不一样：
e.g. remember, forget, regret +to do 动作未发生
+ doing动作已发生
e.g. I remember to post the letter.
I remember posting the letter.
try to do 尽力做 try doing尝试做
stop to do stop doing
mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做

4.sth. need, require, want + doing某事需要被
e.g. The bike needs repairing.
= The bike needs to be repaired.
This place is worth traveling hundreds of
miles to see.

5.动名词复合结构：（动名词带上自己的逻辑主语）
e.g. His/ John’s coming made us happy. （作主语）
Do you mind my /me/Mary’s/Mary going
to your party? （作宾语）

6.动名词完成式与被动形式：
e.g. He didn’t mention having met me.
I apologize for not having kept my promise.
Being killed by sharks
生词表: