Module 3 Foreign Food
Period 2 Grammar and Usage--Review of Attributive Clause
▇Goals
●To review Attributive Clause
▇Procedures
Step 1: Some practical explanations of Attributive Clause
一、经常使用定语从句的场合:
1.先行词为独一无二的物体时。如：The sun, which rises in the east, gives us heat and light.太阳从东边升起，给我们发出光和热。
2.先行词是指物的专有名词时。如：
The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese “The Ten Thousand Li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 kilometers long.
长城，中国人称作“万里长城”，实际上 6,000多公里。
3.先行词指物且被指示代词或人称代词所修饰时。如：This is her house, which was built last year. 这是她的房子，是去年建的。
4.定语从句修饰整个主句时。如：He is from America, which I know from his accent. 他是美国人，这一点我从他的口音可以断定。
二、定语从句引导词的选择:
1.关系代词的选择
1)非限制性定语从句的关系代词不能用that。指人时，如引导词做主语用who、作宾语用whom；指物时要用which.注意引导词作宾语也不能省略。如：
Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。（作主语）
Miss Howe, whom you met at the station, is from America. 豪小姐是美国人，你在车站见过她。（作宾语）
The Great Wall of China, which was built by ancient Chinese people, is regarded as one of the few wonders of the world. 长城是古代中国人民修建的，它被看作是世界上为数不多的奇迹之一。
2)as和which的选择
as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。非限制性定语从句位于句末、且as或 which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。如：
She failed in the exam, which/ as was natural.他考试没及格，这很自然。（作主语）
He is an honest boy, which/ as anybody can see. 任何人都能看得出来，他是个诚实的孩子。（作宾语）
The man seemed a German, which/ as in fact he was. 那个人似乎是个德国人，实事上他就是德国人。（作表语）
但要注意以下区别：
①如非限制性定语从句位于主句之前或插在主句之中时，只能用as。如。
As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.
我们已经看到，海洋占地球面积的百分之七十多。
This kind of computer, as is well-known, is out of date.
众所周知，这种计算机现在已经过时了。
②as在从句中作主语，后面常跟行为动词的被动式; which在从句中作主语，后常跟行为动词的主动式。如：
She has been late again, as was expected. 她又迟到了，这在预料之中。
It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.
昨天雨下得很大，使我无法去公园。
Kate always tells a lie, which her parents find strange. 凯特总是说谎，她父母觉得这很奇怪。
③当从句和主句语义一致时用 as，表“正如”；反之用which。如：
The thief came again, as was expected. 小偷又一次来了，这是预料之中的。（语义一致）
The elephant is like a snake, which is not right. 大象像一条蛇，这是不对的。（语义不一致）
④as用常用在as often happens, as was pointed out, as was said above, as I remember, as I understand等结构中。如：
Jack has won the first prize, as often happens. 像往常一样，杰克获得了一等奖。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择
在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词的选择方法和限制性定语从句一样：引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词。如：
I want to buy the house, which has a garden. 我想买那个房子，那个房子有一个花园。（作主语）
The place, which I visited before, has changed greatly.
这地方我以前来过，现在变化很大。（作宾语）
The story in the book takes place in Canada, where Doctor Bethune was born.
书中故事发生在加拿大，白求恩大夫就是在那里出生的。（作状语）
3.关系副词和人称代词、指示代词的选择
选关系代词还是人称代词，关键是分清句子结构。如是非限制性定语从句（两句中间以逗号隔开，且无连词），用关系代词；如是并列句（全句中有连词、两句中间为句号或分号），用人称代词或指示代词。请试填：
1He has three sons, none of ____ is a doctor.
2He has three sons, ____ are doctors.
3He has three sons, but none of ____ is a doctor.
4He has three sons;____ are doctors.
A. whom B. them C. they D. who
题解：①、②两题中间为逗号且无连词，说明后句为非限制性定语从句③、④题为并列句。答案：ADBC .
Step 2: 定语从句对比练习
1. ① This is one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week.
② This is the very one of the most interesting films _____ shown last week.
A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were
2. ① He has two sons, _____ are college students.
② He has two sons, and _____ are college students.
A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it
3. ① He still lives in the room _____ window faces to the east.
② He still lives in the room, the window _____ faces to the east.
③ He still lives in the room _____ is in the north of the city.
④ He still lives in the room _____ there is a beautiful table.
A. which B. whose C. where D. of which
4. ① _____ leaves the room
生词表: