高一unit 1语法-----------直接引语和间接引语

Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
Definition
      引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
      直接引语:
      直接引用别人的原话(两边用引号“ ”标出)
      间接引语:
      用自己的语言转述别人的话(不需要引号)
      直接引语转换为间接引语时，…要有变化，如何变化呢?
      句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化
(一)人称的转变
He said, “I am very sorry. ”
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”
“You should be more careful next time, ” my father told me.
      He said that he was very sorry.
      She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
      My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
(二)时态的转换
      “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
      She said she was very glad to visit our school.
      Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”
      Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
      Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
      Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Conclusion
      直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 :
      一般现在时 一般过去时
      现在进行时 过去进行时
      现在完成时 过去完成时
      一般将来时 过去将来时
      一般过去时 过去完成时
      过去完成时 不变
      过去进行时 不变
(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
      Now…then
      Today…that day
      Yesterday…the day before
      last week(month)..the week(month)before
      Tomorrow…the next(following)day
      next year…the year before
      two days ago…two days before
      This…that
      These…those
      Here…there
      Come…go
      Bring…take
(四) 从句时态无须改变的情况
      He always says, “I am tired out. ”
      He always says that he is tired out.
      He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ”
      He will say that he will try his best to help me.
      He said, “I went to college in 1994. ”
      He told us that he went to college in 1994.
      He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ”
      He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
      Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ”
      Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
      He said，“Practice makes perfect. ”
      He said that practice makes perfect.
      He said, “She must be a teacher. ”
      He said that she must be a teacher.
      The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water. ”
      The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
Conclusion
      1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候
      2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候
      3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时
      4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时
      5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时
      6. 当引语是谚语、格言时
      7. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时
(五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
      陈述句
      He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
      He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
      He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”
      He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
      用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that
一般疑问句
      He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
      He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
      He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
      He asked whether I was interested in English.
      间接引语用连词whe
生词表: