Unit 2 Working the land

The second period Learning about Language
(The –ing form as the Subject & Object)
Aims
To help students learn about The –ing form as the Subject & Object.
To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions.
To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures.
Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up reading aloud the text A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE
Language is learned in context. So let’s first review the text learnedyesterday by reading it aloud. Try to force out your English slowly and clearly.
II. Discovering useful words and expressions
In pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 11 and 12. You must finish them in 5 minutes.
III. Learning about grammar
1.Read and identify
Read the text about Yuan Longping again, paying attention to the sentences which use the –ing form as the subject and object.
In the sentence “Wishing for things, however, cost nothing. “the –ing is used as subject.
It can be also used as object of the sentence. For example: Yuan Longping likes playing his violin.
2.Consolidating by do exercises
To consolidate your understanding you will be given 10 minutes to go over exercises 1,2,3,4 and 5 on pages 12 and 13. You may just write on your text book. I mean the student’s book you are working by.
III. Ready used materials for The –ing form as the Subject & Object)
语法学习——动名词
1. 动名词作主语
1） 名词直接放在句首作主语。例如：
Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries.
用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。
2） 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名词 + doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。
3） 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。
4） 动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。

2. 动名词作宾语
1） 有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有：
admit 承认 ； excuse 原谅 ； postpone 拖延 ；anticipate 期望； fancy 想象practise 练习； appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； propose 建议； consider 考虑； forgive 宽恕； recollect 回忆；delay 耽搁； imagine 想象； resent 厌恶； deny 否认； involve 涉及；resist 抵制； detest 厌恶； keep 保留； risk 冒险； dislike 讨厌； mind 在意； save 挽救； dread 害怕； miss 错过； suggest 建议； enjoy 喜欢； pardon 原谅；understand 理解； escape 逃避；permit 允许
2） 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有：
can’t stand 忍不住； can’t help 忍不住； feel like 想，欲；
give up 放弃； put off 推迟
3） 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
我们终于克服了所有的困难。
4） 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词； be busy (in) + 动名词；waste time (in) + 动名词；lost time (in) + 动名词；There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中，动名词做介词宾语，in常要省去。
5） 在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面。例如：
I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.
我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。
6） 在“there be”结构当中，be为动名词时，该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动名词形式。例如：
We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it.
我们可以想象到人们对此大惊小怪。
Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts?
你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗？
3. 动名词的被动式
1） 动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。
2） 在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表
生词表: