09年中考英语虚拟语气精讲3

4. 与将来的事实可能相反
(1) If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是万一 明天下雨,我就呆在家里不出去。 事实上 现在天气很好,明天下雨的可能性应该不大,不过也说不准。
(2) If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it. 如果下周一我能见到她的话我就把这件事告诉她。
三、例题解析
1) D为正确答案。
2) D为正确答案。
3) C为正确答案。
4) B错。改为would have not。
5) A错。改为would have been。
6) B为正确答案。
7) D为正确答案。
II 虚拟语气的特殊表现形式
一、表示“好像”:除了if条件从句外,由as if和as though等引导的状语从句表示方式时,意思是“好像”,这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气。其动词形式用过去时(be用were的形式)表示所说的与现在的事实相反;用过去完成时表示所说的与过去的事实相反
1) Violetta has a curious [A] expression on [B] her face as though she was smiling [C] about something that amused her [D] .
二、特殊连词的需要:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+加动词原形)
We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. (我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑,恐怕他生气。)
He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. (他加紧步伐,生怕在急行军中掉队。)
Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. (我对他特别关照,唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等。)
He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. (他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。)
三、介词短语表示虚拟: 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如 but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。)
We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件,我们还会做得更好。)
2) But for his help,I .
[A] should not have succeeded
[B] had not succeeded
[C] did not succeed
[D] have not succeeded
3) The complex society of a modern [A] civilization would be [B] impossible not having [C] the art of writing [D] .
4) But that he came to help me, I .
[A] could not have succeeded
[B] did not succeed
[C] could not succeed
[D] can’t but succeed
四、虚拟错综条件句:上面几种假设类型中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是,如果主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语动词形式应做适当调整
If I had a bike(now), I would have lent it to you yesterday. 假如我有自行车,昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在事实相反。) I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional.(如果我当时对你作错了什么事,我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保证我不是故意的。)
5) If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955,the housing problems now in some parts of this country so serious.
[A] wouldn’t be
[B] will not have been
[C] wouldn’t have been
[D] would have not been
6) If you had not studied the problem carefully until recently .
[A] you will find any difficulty now
[B] you would have found any difficulty now
[C] you would find any difficulty now
[D] you have find any difficulty now
五、省略虚拟条件句:虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是were或should(could, might), had等词时,可以省略连词If, 但要将were或should(could, might), had助动词移至主语前形成句子例装(参见第十三章“倒装句”)
7) today, he would get there by Thursday.
[A] He is starting out
[B] If he starts out
[C] Would he start out
[D] Were he to start out.
8) ,John would not have failed.
[A] If he has listened to me
[B] Had he listened to me
[C] If he listened to me
[D] As soon as he listened to me
9) I known it,I should have told him.
[A] Have
[B] Had
[C] Having
[D] If
10) Hadn’t my car broken down,I the train.
[A] should have caught
[B] might catch
[C] could catch
[D] had caught
六、例题解析
1) C错。 改为were smiling。
2) A为正确答案。
3) C错。 改为without。
4) A为正确答案。
5) A为正确答案。
6) C为正确答案。
7) D为正确答案。
8) B为正确答案。
9) B为正确答案。此句为had放句首的一种倒装,相当于If I had……
10) A为正确答案。
生词表: